This basically means that:
* there are some more levels of indirection and asynchronicity, mostly
in cleanup procedures, requiring correct lock ordering
* all the internal table operations (prune, next hop update) are done
without blocking the other parts of BIRD
* the protocols may get their own loops very soon
To access route attribute cache from multiple threads at once, we have
to lock the cache on writing. The route attributes data structures are
safe to read unless somebody tries to tamper with the cache itself.
This commit prevents use-after-free of routes belonging to protocols
which have been already destroyed, delaying also all the protocols'
shutdown until all of their routes have been finally propagated through
all the pipes down to the appropriate exports.
The use-after-free was somehow hypothetic yet theoretically possible in
rare conditions, when one BGP protocol authors a lot of routes and the
user deletes that protocol by reconfiguring in the same time as next hop
update is requested, causing rte_better() to be called on a
not-yet-pruned network prefix while the owner protocol has been already
freed.
In parallel execution environments, this would happen an inter-thread
use-after-free, causing possible heisenbugs or other nasty problems.
There is a simple universal IO loop, taking care of events, timers and
sockets. Primarily, one instance of a protocol should use exactly one IO
loop to do all its work, as is now done in BFD.
Contrary to previous versions, the loop is now launched and cleaned by
the nest/proto.c code, allowing for a protocol to just request its own
loop by setting the loop's lock order in config higher than the_bird.
It is not supported nor checked if any protocol changed the requested
lock order in reconfigure. No protocol should do it at all.
In previous versions, every thread used its own time structures,
effectively leading to different time in every thread and strange
logging messages.
The time processing code now uses global atomic variables to keep
current time available for fast concurrent reading and safe updates.
In some specific configurations, it was possible to send BIRD into an
infinite loop of recursive next hop resolution. This was caused by route
priority inversion.
To prevent priority inversions affecting other next hops, we simply
refuse to resolve any next hop if the best route for the matching prefix
is recursive or any other route with the same preference is recursive.
Next hop resolution doesn't change route priority, therefore it is
perfectly OK to resolve BGP next hops e.g. by an OSPF route, yet if the
same (or covering) prefix is also announced by iBGP, by retraction of
the OSPF route we would get a possible priority inversion.
* internal tables are now more standalone, having their own import and
export hooks
* route refresh/reload uses stale counter instead of stale flag,
allowing to drop walking the table at the beginning
* route modify (by BGP LLGR) is now done by a special refeed hook,
reimporting the modified routes directly without filters
Channels have now included rt_import_req and rt_export_req to hook into
the table instead of just one list node. This will (in future) allow for:
* channel import and export bound to different tables
* more efficient pipe code (dropping most of the channel code)
* conversion of 'show route' to a special kind of export
* temporary static routes from CLI
The import / export states are also updated to the new algorithms.
Trie walking allows enumeration of prefixes in a trie in the usual
lexicographic order. Optionally, trie enumeration can be restricted
to a chosen subnet (and its descendants).
Routes are now allocated only when they are just to be inserted to the
table. Updating a route needs a locally allocated route structure.
Ownership of the attributes is also now not transfered from protocols to
tables and vice versa but just borrowed which should be easier to handle
in a multithreaded environment.
BIRD implements shutdown by reconfiguring to fake empty configuration.
Such fake config structure is created from the last running config and
shares some data, including symbol table. This allows access to (removed)
routing tables and causes crash when 'show route' command is used during
shutdown.
Clean up symbol table, table list and links to default tables, so removed
routing tables cannot be accessed during shutdown.
