The babel protocol normally sends all its messages as multicast packets,
but the protocol specification allows most messages to be sent as either
unicast or multicast, and the two can be mixed freely. In particular, the
babeld implementation can be configured to unicast updates to all peers
instead of sending them as unicast.
Daniel discovered that this can cause problems with the packet counter
checks in the MAC extension due to packet reordering. This happens on WiFi
networks where clients have power save enabled (which is quite common in
infrastructure networks): in this case, the access point will buffer all
multicast traffic and only send it out along with its beacons, leading to a
maximum buffering in default Linux-based access point configuration of up
to 200 ms.
This means that a Babel sender that mixes unicast and multicast messages
can have the unicast messages overtake the multicast messages because of
this buffering; when authentication is enabled, this causes the receiver to
discard the multicast message when it does arrive because it now has a
packet counter value less than the unicast message that arrived before it.
Daniel observed that this happens frequently enough that Babel ceases to
work entirely when runner over a WiFi network.
The issue has been described in draft-ietf-babel-mac-relaxed, which is
currently pending RFC publication. That also describes two mitigation
mechanisms: Keeping separate PC counters for unicast and multicast, and
using a reorder window for PC values. This patch implements the former as
that is the simplest, and resolves the particular issue seen on WiFi.
Thanks to Daniel Gröber for the bugreport.
Minor changes from committer.
The patch implements an IPv4 via IPv6 extension (RFC 9229) to the Babel
routing protocol (RFC 8966) that allows annoncing routes to an IPv4
prefix with an IPv6 next hop, which makes it possible for IPv4 traffic
to flow through interfaces that have not been assigned an IPv4 address.
The implementation is compatible with the current Babeld version.
Thanks to Toke Høiland-Jørgensen for early review on this work.
Minor changes from committer.
The seqno request retransmission handling was tracking the destination
that a forwarded request was being sent to and always retransmitting to
that same destination. This is unnecessary because we only need to
retransmit requests we originate ourselves, not those we forward on
behalf of others; in fact retransmitting on behalf of others can lead to
exponential multiplication of requests, which would be bad.
So rework the seqno request tracking so that instead of storing the
destination of a request, we just track whether it was a request that we
forwarded on behalf of another node, or if it was a request we originated
ourselves. Forwarded requests are not retransmitted, they are only used
for duplicate suppression, and for triggering an update when satisfied.
If we end up originating a request that we previously forwarded, we
"upgrade" the old request and restart the retransmit counter.
One complication with this is that requests sent in response to unfeasible
updates (section 3.8.2.2 of the RFC) have to be sent as unicast to a
particular peer. However, we don't really need to retransmit those as
there's no starvation when sending such a request; so we just change
such requests to be one-off unicast requests that are not subject to
retransmission or duplicate suppression. This is the same behaviour as
babeld has for such requests.
Minor changes from committer.
Changes in internal API:
* Every route attribute must be defined as struct ea_class somewhere.
* Registration of route attributes known at startup must be done by
ea_register_init() from protocol build functions.
* Every attribute has now its symbol registered in a global symbol table
defined as SYM_ATTRIBUTE
* All attribute ID's are dynamically allocated.
* Attribute value custom formatting hook is defined in the ea_class.
* Attribute names are the same for display and filters, always prefixed
by protocol name.
Also added some unit testing code for filters with route attributes.
Some cleanups and bugfixes to the previous patch, including:
- Fix rate limiting in index mismatch check
- Fix missing BABEL_AUTH_INDEX_LEN in auth_tx_overhead computation
- Fix missing auth_tx_overhead recalculation during reconfiguration
- Fix pseudoheader construction in babel_auth_sign() (sport vs fport)
- Fix typecasts for ptrdiffs in log messages
- Make auth log messages similar to corresponding RIP/OSPF ones
- Change auth log messages for events that happen during regular
operation to debug messages
- Switch meaning of babel_auth_check*() functions for consistency
with corresponding RIP/OSPF ones
- Remove requirement for min/max key length, only those required by
given MAC code are enforced
This implements support for MAC authentication in the Babel protocol, as
specified by RFC 8967. The implementation seeks to follow the RFC as close
as possible, with the only deliberate deviation being the addition of
support for all the HMAC algorithms already supported by Bird, as well as
the Blake2b variant of the Blake algorithm.
For description of applicability, assumptions and security properties,
see RFC 8967 sections 1.1 and 1.2.
When an interface disappears, all the neighbors are freed as well. Seqno
requests were anyway not decoupled from them, leading to strange
segfaults. This fix adds a proper seqno request list inside neighbors to
make sure that no pointer to neighbor is kept after free.
When a Babel node restarts, it loses its sequence number, which can cause
its routes to be rejected by peers until the state is cleared out by other
nodes in the network (which can take on the order of minutes).
There are two ways to fix this: Having stable storage to keep the sequence
number across restarts, or picking a different router ID each time.
This implements the latter, by introducing a new option that will cause
BIRD to randomize a high 32 bits of router ID every time it starts up.
This avoids the problem at the cost of not having stable router IDs in
the network.
Thanks to Toke Hoiland-Jorgensen for the patch.
This patch adds support for source-specific routing to the Babel protocol.
It changes the protocol to support both NET_IP6 and NET_IP6_SADR channels
for IPv6 addresses. If only a NET_IP6 channel is configured,
source-specific updates are ignored. Otherwise, non-source-specific
routes are simply treated as source-specific routes with SADR prefix 0.
Thanks to Toke Hoiland-Jorgensen for the original patch.
Minor changes by Ondrej Santiago Zajicek.
Several changes and bugfixes in Babel, namely:
- Exported route parameters stored directly in route table entry
- Exported non-babel routes no longer stored in per-entry route list
- Route update, selection and retraction simplified and fixed
- Route feasibility is evalualated per update and stored with route
- Unreachable route handling fixed, based on hold interval
- Added 'show babel routes' command
Overall, it fixes some issues with proper propagation of triggered
updates, making Babel convergence after topology change almost
instant.
Also fix several minor bugs and add 'limit' option for k-out-of-j
link sensing strategy. Change default from 8-of-16 to 12-of-16.
Change IHU expiry factor from 1.5 to 3.5 (as in RFC 6126).
RFC6126bis formally introduces sub-TLVs to the Babel protocol, including
mandatory sub-TLVs. This adds support for parsing sub-TLVs to the Babel
protocol and skips TLVs that contain mandatory sub-TLVs, as per the spec.
For details, see section 4.4 of
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-babel-rfc6126bis-02
Thanks to Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@toke.dk> for the patch.
This adds support for dual-stack v4/v6 operation to the Babel protocol.
Routing messages will be exchanged over IPv6, but IPv4 routes can be
carried in the messages being exchanged. This matches how the reference
Babel implementation (babeld) works.
The nexthop address for v4 can be configured per interface, and will
default to the first available IPv4 address on the given interface. For
symmetry, a configuration option to configure the IPv6 nexthop address
is also added.
Thanks to Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@toke.dk> for the patch.
This makes BIRD send a wildcard retraction on all interfaces before
shutting down and right after starting up. This helps ensure that
neighbours will discard the announced routes as soon as possible,
rather than only after the normal timeout procedures.
Signed-off-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@toke.dk>
Intervals are carried as 16-bit centisecond values, but kept internally
in 16-bit second values, which causes a potential for overflow. This adds
some checks to make sure this does not happen.
Signed-off-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@toke.dk>
This patch implements the IPv6 subset of the Babel routing protocol.
Based on the patch from Toke Hoiland-Jorgensen, with some heavy
modifications and bugfixes.
Thanks to Toke Hoiland-Jorgensen for the original patch.
