diff --git a/Makefile.in b/Makefile.in
index 0d55807b..fa534872 100644
--- a/Makefile.in
+++ b/Makefile.in
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ INSTALL_DATA=@INSTALL_DATA@
 client=$(addprefix $(exedir)/,@CLIENT@)
 daemon=$(exedir)/bird
 protocols=@protocols@
+PROTO_BUILD := $(protocols) dev kif krt
 
 prefix=@prefix@
 exec_prefix=@exec_prefix@
@@ -82,9 +83,6 @@ conf-lex-targets := $(addprefix $(objdir)/conf/,cf-lex.o)
 conf-y-targets := $(addprefix $(objdir)/conf/,cf-parse.y keywords.h commands.h)
 cf-local = $(conf-y-targets): $(s)config.Y
 
-# nest/Makefile declarations needed for all other modules
-proto-build-c := $(addprefix $(objdir)/nest/,proto-build.c)
-
 src-o-files = $(patsubst %.c,$(o)%.o,$(src))
 tests-target-files = $(patsubst %.c,$(o)%,$(tests_src))
 
@@ -98,13 +96,6 @@ else
   o = $(patsubst $(srcdir)%,$(objdir)%,$(s))
 endif
 
-define proto-build_in =
-PROTO_BUILD += $(1)
-$(proto-build-c): $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST))
-endef
-
-proto-build = $(eval $(call proto-build_in,$(1)))
-
 define clean_in =
 clean::
 	rm -f $(addprefix $(o),$(1))
diff --git a/conf/confbase.Y b/conf/confbase.Y
index 241c332d..8e5da9e3 100644
--- a/conf/confbase.Y
+++ b/conf/confbase.Y
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ CF_HDR
 #include "conf/conf.h"
 #include "lib/resource.h"
 #include "lib/socket.h"
+#include "lib/settle.h"
 #include "lib/timer.h"
 #include "lib/string.h"
 #include "nest/protocol.h"
@@ -93,6 +94,7 @@ CF_DECLS
   struct proto_spec ps;
   struct channel_limit cl;
   struct timeformat *tf;
+  struct settle_config settle;
   struct adata *ad;
   struct bytestring *bs;
 }
@@ -111,6 +113,7 @@ CF_DECLS
 
 %type <i> expr bool pxlen4
 %type <time> expr_us time
+%type <settle> settle
 %type <a> ipa
 %type <net> net_ip4_ net_ip4 net_ip6_ net_ip6 net_ip_ net_ip net_or_ipa
 %type <net_ptr> net_ net_any net_vpn4_ net_vpn6_ net_vpn_ net_roa4_ net_roa6_ net_roa_ net_ip6_sadr_ net_mpls_
@@ -386,6 +389,13 @@ time:
    }
  ;
 
+/* Settle timer configuration */
+settle: expr_us expr_us {
+  if ($1 > $2) cf_error("Minimum settle time %t is bigger than maximum settle time %t", $1, $2);
+  $$.min = $1;
+  $$.max = $2;
+};
+
 text:
    TEXT
  | CF_SYM_KNOWN {
diff --git a/doc/bird.sgml b/doc/bird.sgml
index 2bce3d57..0cfe19c4 100644
--- a/doc/bird.sgml
+++ b/doc/bird.sgml
@@ -699,6 +699,21 @@ to set options.
         threshold, the more memory can get used. In most cases, the defaults
 	should work for you. Default: 128, 512.
 
+	<tag><label id="rtable-export-settle-time">export settle time <m/time/ <m/time/</tag>
+	Minimum and maximum settle times, respectively, for export announcements.
+	When multiple routes are changing, this mechanism waits for the changes
+	to settle before waking up sleeping export threads but if the changes are coming
+	steadily, BIRD isn't waiting forever; at most the maximum time.
+	Default values: <cf/1 ms 100 ms/. You have to always provide both values.
+
+	<tag><label id="rtable-route-refresh-export-settle-time">route refresh export settle time <m/time/ <m/time/</tag>
+	Minimum and maximum settle times, respectively, for export announcements
+	(the same as above), valid when any channel is currently doing a route refresh.
+	This serves a purpose of even more aggresive change bundling, knowing that there
+	is some active process generating changes in a fast pace. If you don't want
+	this feature, set this to the same values as <ref id="rtable-export-settle-time" name="export settle time">.
+	Default values: <cf/100 ms 3 s/.
+
 	<tag><label id="rtable-debug">debug all|off|{ states|routes|events [, <m/.../] }</tag>
 	Set table debugging options. Each table can write some trace messages
 	into log with category <cf/trace/. You can request <cf/all/ trace messages
@@ -965,14 +980,15 @@ inherited from templates can be updated by new definitions.
 	<ref id="bgp-export-table" name="export table"> (for respective
 	direction). Default: on.
 
-	<tag><label id="rtable-min-settle-time">min settle time <m/time/</tag>
-	Minimum settle time is a delay from the last ROA table change to wait
-	for more updates before triggering automatic reload. Default: 1 s.
-
-	<tag><label id="rtable-min-settle-time">min settle time <m/time/</tag>
-        Maximum settle time is an upper limit to the settle time from the
-        initial ROA table change even if there are consecutive updates gradually
-        renewing the settle time.  Default: 20 s.
+	<tag><label id="rtable-min-settle-time">roa settle time <m/time/ <m/time/</tag>
+	Minimum and maximum settle times, respectively, for ROA table changes.
+        The automatic reload is triggered after the minimum time after the last
+        ROA table change has been received but not later than the maximum time after
+        first unprocessed ROA table change. Therefore with default values, the
+        automatic reload happens 1 second after the ROA table stops updating, yet if it
+	were to be later than 20 seconds after the ROA table starts updating,
+	the automatic reload is triggered anyway. Default values: <cf/1 s 20 s/.
+	You have to always provide both values.
 
 	<tag><label id="proto-import-limit">import limit [<m/number/ | off ] [action warn | block | restart | disable]</tag>
 	Specify an import route limit (a maximum number of routes imported from
diff --git a/filter/f-inst.c b/filter/f-inst.c
index 426b598f..801eceec 100644
--- a/filter/f-inst.c
+++ b/filter/f-inst.c
@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@
  *	m4_dnl	  DYNAMIC_ATTR;				dynamic attribute definition
  *	m4_dnl	  RTC;					route table config
  *	m4_dnl	  ACCESS_RTE;				this instruction needs route
- *	m4_dnl	  ACCESS_EATTRS;			this instruction needs extended attributes
  *
  *	m4_dnl	  FID_MEMBER(				custom instruction member
  *	m4_dnl	    C type,				for storage in structs
@@ -237,7 +236,6 @@
  *	m4_dnl	  fpool		-> the current linpool
  *	m4_dnl	  NEVER_CONSTANT-> don't generate pre-interpretation code at all
  *	m4_dnl	  ACCESS_RTE	-> check that route is available, also NEVER_CONSTANT
- *	m4_dnl	  ACCESS_EATTRS	-> pre-cache the eattrs; use only with ACCESS_RTE
  *
  *	m4_dnl	If you are stymied, see FI_CALL or FI_CONSTANT or just search for
  *	m4_dnl	the mentioned macros in this file to see what is happening there in wild.
@@ -687,7 +685,6 @@
     {
       STATIC_ATTR;
       ACCESS_RTE;
-      ACCESS_EATTRS;
 
       switch (sa.sa_code)
       {
@@ -695,7 +692,7 @@
       case SA_PROTO:	RESULT(sa.type, s, fs->rte->src->owner->name); break;
       default:
 	{
-	  struct eattr *nhea = ea_find(*fs->eattrs, &ea_gen_nexthop);
+	  struct eattr *nhea = ea_find(fs->rte->attrs, &ea_gen_nexthop);
 	  struct nexthop_adata *nhad = nhea ? (struct nexthop_adata *) nhea->u.ptr : NULL;
 	  struct nexthop *nh = nhad ? &nhad->nh : NULL;
 
@@ -731,7 +728,6 @@
 
   INST(FI_RTA_SET, 1, 0) {
     ACCESS_RTE;
-    ACCESS_EATTRS;
     ARG_ANY(1);
     STATIC_ATTR;
     ARG_TYPE(1, sa.type);
@@ -765,7 +761,7 @@
 	}
       case SA_GW:
 	{
-	  struct eattr *nh_ea = ea_find(*fs->eattrs, &ea_gen_nexthop);
+	  struct eattr *nh_ea = ea_find(fs->rte->attrs, &ea_gen_nexthop);
 
 	  ip_addr ip = v1.val.ip;
 	  struct iface *ifa = (ipa_is_link_local(ip) && nh_ea) ?
@@ -800,7 +796,7 @@
 	  if (v1.val.i >= 0x100000)
 	    runtime( "Invalid MPLS label" );
 
-	  struct eattr *nh_ea = ea_find(*fs->eattrs, &ea_gen_nexthop);
+	  struct eattr *nh_ea = ea_find(fs->rte->attrs, &ea_gen_nexthop);
 	  if (!nh_ea)
 	    runtime( "No nexthop to add a MPLS label to" );
 
@@ -823,7 +819,7 @@
 	  if (i < 1 || i > 256)
 	    runtime( "Setting weight value out of bounds" );
 
-	  struct eattr *nh_ea = ea_find(*fs->eattrs, &ea_gen_nexthop);
+	  struct eattr *nh_ea = ea_find(fs->rte->attrs, &ea_gen_nexthop);
 	  if (!nh_ea)
 	    runtime( "No nexthop to set weight on" );
 
@@ -837,7 +833,7 @@
 	  NEXTHOP_WALK(nh, nhax)
 	    nh->weight = i - 1;
 
-	  a = ea_set_attr(fs->eattrs,
+	  a = ea_set_attr(&fs->rte->attrs,
 	      EA_LITERAL_DIRECT_ADATA(&ea_gen_nexthop, 0, &nhax->ad));
         }
 	break;
@@ -847,7 +843,7 @@
       }
 
       if (!a)
-	a = ea_set_attr(fs->eattrs,
+	a = ea_set_attr(&fs->rte->attrs,
 	    EA_LITERAL_DIRECT_ADATA(&ea_gen_nexthop, 0, tmp_copy_adata(&nha.ad)));
 
       a->originated = 1;
@@ -858,11 +854,10 @@
   INST(FI_EA_GET, 0, 1) {	/* Access to extended attributes */
     DYNAMIC_ATTR;
     ACCESS_RTE;
-    ACCESS_EATTRS;
     RESULT_TYPE(da->type);
     {
       const struct f_val *empty;
-      const eattr *e = ea_find(*fs->eattrs, da->id);
+      const eattr *e = ea_find(fs->rte->attrs, da->id);
 
       if (e)
       {
@@ -888,7 +883,6 @@
 
   INST(FI_EA_SET, 1, 0) {
     ACCESS_RTE;
-    ACCESS_EATTRS;
     ARG_ANY(1);
     DYNAMIC_ATTR;
     ARG_TYPE(1, da->type);
@@ -905,12 +899,12 @@
 	break;
 
       case T_IP:
-	a = ea_set_attr(fs->eattrs,
+	a = ea_set_attr(&fs->rte->attrs,
 	    EA_LITERAL_STORE_ADATA(da, 0, &v1.val.ip, sizeof(ip_addr)));
 	break;
 
       default:
-	a = ea_set_attr(fs->eattrs,
+	a = ea_set_attr(&fs->rte->attrs,
 	    EA_LITERAL_GENERIC(da->id, da->type, 0, .u = v1.val.bval));
 	break;
       }
@@ -923,9 +917,8 @@
   INST(FI_EA_UNSET, 0, 0) {
     DYNAMIC_ATTR;
     ACCESS_RTE;
-    ACCESS_EATTRS;
 
-    ea_unset_attr(fs->eattrs, 1, da);
+    ea_unset_attr(&fs->rte->attrs, 1, da);
   }
 
   INST(FI_DEFAULT, 2, 1) {
diff --git a/filter/filter.c b/filter/filter.c
index 9a94545c..0aff4d30 100644
--- a/filter/filter.c
+++ b/filter/filter.c
@@ -76,9 +76,6 @@ struct filter_state {
   /* The route we are processing. This may be NULL to indicate no route available. */
   struct rte *rte;
 
-  /* Cached pointer to ea_list */
-  struct ea_list **eattrs;
-
   /* Buffer for log output */
   struct buffer buf;
 
@@ -94,11 +91,6 @@ void (*bt_assert_hook)(int result, const struct f_line_item *assert);
 
 #define f_stack_init(fs) ( _f_stack_init(fs, v, 128), _f_stack_init(fs, e, 128) )
 
-static inline void f_cache_eattrs(struct filter_state *fs)
-{
-  fs->eattrs = &(fs->rte->attrs);
-}
-
 static struct tbf rl_runtime_err = TBF_DEFAULT_LOG_LIMITS;
 
 /**
@@ -164,8 +156,6 @@ interpret(struct filter_state *fs, const struct f_line *line, struct f_val *val)
 #define falloc(size)	tmp_alloc(size)
 #define fpool		tmp_linpool
 
-#define ACCESS_EATTRS do { if (!fs->eattrs) f_cache_eattrs(fs); } while (0)
-
 #include "filter/inst-interpret.c"
 #undef res
 #undef v1
@@ -174,7 +164,6 @@ interpret(struct filter_state *fs, const struct f_line *line, struct f_val *val)
 #undef runtime
 #undef falloc
 #undef fpool
-#undef ACCESS_EATTRS
       }
     }
 
diff --git a/filter/filter_test.c b/filter/filter_test.c
index 5b24a765..671dba94 100644
--- a/filter/filter_test.c
+++ b/filter/filter_test.c
@@ -79,11 +79,11 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
   if (!bt_config_file_parse(BT_CONFIG_FILE))
     abort();
 
-  bt_test_suite(t_reconfig, "Testing reconfiguration");
+  bt_test_suite_extra(t_reconfig, 0, BT_TIMEOUT, "Testing reconfiguration");
 
   struct f_bt_test_suite *t;
   WALK_LIST(t, config->tests)
-    bt_test_suite_base(run_function, t->fn_name, t, BT_FORKING, BT_TIMEOUT, "%s", t->dsc);
+    bt_test_suite_base(run_function, t->fn_name, t, 0, BT_TIMEOUT, "%s", t->dsc);
 
   bt_bird_cleanup();
   return bt_exit_value();
diff --git a/filter/tree_test.c b/filter/tree_test.c
index 05702f81..d180efbc 100644
--- a/filter/tree_test.c
+++ b/filter/tree_test.c
@@ -170,6 +170,8 @@ t_balancing(void)
     show_tree(balanced_tree_from_simple);
 
     bt_assert(same_tree(balanced_tree_from_simple, expected_balanced_tree));
+
+    tmp_flush();
   }
 
   return 1;
@@ -191,6 +193,9 @@ t_balancing_random(void)
     uint i;
     for(i = 0; i < 10; i++)
     {
+      struct lp_state lps;
+      lp_save(tmp_linpool, &lps);
+
       struct f_tree *random_degenerated_tree = get_random_degenerated_left_tree(nodes_count);
       show_tree(random_degenerated_tree);
 
@@ -200,7 +205,11 @@ t_balancing_random(void)
       show_tree(balanced_tree_from_random);
 
       bt_assert(same_tree(balanced_tree_from_random, expected_balanced_tree));
+
+      lp_restore(tmp_linpool, &lps);
     }
+
+    tmp_flush();
   }
 
   return 1;
@@ -227,6 +236,8 @@ t_find(void)
       const struct f_tree *found_tree = find_tree(tree, &looking_up_value);
       bt_assert((val_compare(&looking_up_value, &(found_tree->from)) == 0) && (val_compare(&looking_up_value, &(found_tree->to)) == 0));
     }
+
+    tmp_flush();
   }
 
   return 1;
@@ -283,6 +294,8 @@ t_find_ranges(void)
 	 ((val_compare(&needle, &(found_tree->from)) == 1) && (val_compare(&needle, &(found_tree->to)) == -1))
       );
     }
+
+    tmp_flush();
   }
 
   return 1;
diff --git a/filter/trie_test.c b/filter/trie_test.c
index dc791280..ddce2daa 100644
--- a/filter/trie_test.c
+++ b/filter/trie_test.c
@@ -251,12 +251,12 @@ get_outer_net(net_addr *net, const struct f_prefix *src)
 static list *
 make_random_prefix_list(int num, int v6, int tight)
 {
-  list *prefixes = lp_allocz(tmp_linpool, sizeof(struct f_prefix_node));
+  list *prefixes = tmp_allocz(sizeof(struct f_prefix_node));
   init_list(prefixes);
 
   for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
   {
-    struct f_prefix_node *px = lp_allocz(tmp_linpool, sizeof(struct f_prefix_node));
+    struct f_prefix_node *px = tmp_allocz(sizeof(struct f_prefix_node));
     get_random_prefix(&px->prefix, v6, tight);
     add_tail(prefixes, &px->n);
 
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ read_prefix_list(FILE *f, int v6, int plus)
   char s[32];
   int n;
 
-  list *pxlist = lp_allocz(tmp_linpool, sizeof(struct f_prefix_node));
+  list *pxlist = tmp_allocz(sizeof(struct f_prefix_node));
   init_list(pxlist);
 
   errno = 0;
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ read_prefix_list(FILE *f, int v6, int plus)
     if (n != 5)
       bt_abort_msg("Invalid content of trie_data");
 
-    struct f_prefix_node *px = lp_allocz(tmp_linpool, sizeof(struct f_prefix_node));
+    struct f_prefix_node *px = tmp_allocz(sizeof(struct f_prefix_node));
     net_fill_ip4(&px->prefix.net, ip4_build(a0, a1, a2, a3), pl);
     px->prefix.lo = pl;
     px->prefix.hi = plus ? IP4_MAX_PREFIX_LENGTH : pl;
diff --git a/lib/event.c b/lib/event.c
index 07d7dc53..68ee4c06 100644
--- a/lib/event.c
+++ b/lib/event.c
@@ -28,7 +28,50 @@
 event_list global_event_list;
 event_list global_work_list;
 
-STATIC_ASSERT(OFFSETOF(event_list, _sentinel.next) >= OFFSETOF(event_list, _end[0]));
+//#ifdef DEBUGGING
+#if 0
+#define EDL_MAX		16384
+enum edl_caller {
+  EDL_REMOVE_FROM = 1,
+  EDL_POSTPONE = 2,
+  EDL_RUN = 3,
+  EDL_SEND = 4, 
+  EDL_RUN_LIST = 5,
+} caller;
+static struct event_debug_log {
+  event_list *target_list;
+  event *event;
+  event *receiver;
+  uint pos;
+  uint prev_edl_pos;
+  uint thread;
+  enum edl_caller caller;
+} edl[EDL_MAX];
+static _Atomic uint edl_cnt;
+_Thread_local static uint edl_thread;
+_Thread_local static uint prev_edl_pos = ~0;
+static inline void edlog(event_list *list, event *e, event *receiver, uint pos, enum edl_caller caller)
+{
+  uint edl_pos = atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&edl_cnt, 1, memory_order_acq_rel);
+  if (!edl_thread)
+    edl_thread = edl_pos;
+
+  edl[edl_pos % EDL_MAX] = (struct event_debug_log) {
+    .target_list = list,
+    .event = e,
+    .receiver = receiver,
+    .pos = pos,
+    .prev_edl_pos = prev_edl_pos,
+    .thread = edl_thread,
+    .caller = caller,
+  };
+
+  prev_edl_pos = edl_pos;
+}
+#else
+#define edlog(...)
+#endif
+
 
 void
 ev_init_list(event_list *el, struct birdloop *loop, const char *name)
@@ -36,9 +79,8 @@ ev_init_list(event_list *el, struct birdloop *loop, const char *name)
   el->name = name;
   el->loop = loop;
 
-  atomic_store_explicit(&el->receiver, &el->_sentinel, memory_order_relaxed);
-  atomic_store_explicit(&el->_executor, &el->_sentinel, memory_order_relaxed);
-  atomic_store_explicit(&el->_sentinel.next, NULL, memory_order_relaxed);
+  atomic_store_explicit(&el->receiver, NULL, memory_order_release);
+  atomic_store_explicit(&el->_executor, NULL, memory_order_release);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -61,13 +103,20 @@ ev_remove_from(event *e, event * _Atomic * head)
   /* The current event in queue to check */
   event *cur = atomic_load_explicit(prev, memory_order_acquire);
 
-  /* Pre-loaded next pointer; if NULL, this is sentinel */
-  event *next = atomic_load_explicit(&cur->next, memory_order_acquire);
+  /* This part of queue is empty! */
+  if (!cur)
+    return 0;
 
-  while (next)
+  edlog(NULL, e, cur, 1, EDL_REMOVE_FROM);
+  while (cur)
   {
+    /* Pre-loaded next pointer */
+    event *next = atomic_load_explicit(&cur->next, memory_order_acquire);
+
     if (e == cur)
     {
+      edlog(NULL, e, next, 3, EDL_REMOVE_FROM);
+
       /* Check whether we have collided with somebody else
        * adding an item to the queue. */
       if (!atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(
@@ -86,12 +135,15 @@ ev_remove_from(event *e, event * _Atomic * head)
       return 1;
     }
 
+    edlog(NULL, e, next, 2, EDL_REMOVE_FROM);
+
     /* Go to the next event. */
     prev = &cur->next;
     cur = next;
-    next = atomic_load_explicit(&cur->next, memory_order_acquire);
   }
 
+  edlog(NULL, e, cur, 4, EDL_REMOVE_FROM);
+
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -100,6 +152,7 @@ ev_postpone(event *e)
 {
   /* Find the list to remove the event from */
   event_list *sl = ev_get_list(e);
+  edlog(sl, e, NULL, 1, EDL_POSTPONE);
   if (!sl)
     return;
 
@@ -108,6 +161,10 @@ ev_postpone(event *e)
 
   /* Remove from one of these lists. */
   ASSERT(ev_remove_from(e, &sl->_executor) || ev_remove_from(e, &sl->receiver));
+
+  /* Mark as inactive */
+  ASSERT_DIE(sl == atomic_exchange_explicit(&e->list, NULL, memory_order_acq_rel));
+  edlog(sl, e, NULL, 2, EDL_POSTPONE);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -157,8 +214,10 @@ ev_new(pool *p)
 inline void
 ev_run(event *e)
 {
+  edlog(NULL, e, NULL, 1, EDL_RUN);
   ev_postpone(e);
   e->hook(e->data);
+  edlog(NULL, e, NULL, 2, EDL_RUN);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -172,18 +231,36 @@ ev_run(event *e)
 inline void
 ev_send(event_list *l, event *e)
 {
-  event_list *sl = ev_get_list(e);
-  if (sl == l)
-    return;
-  if (sl)
-    bug("Queuing an already queued event to another queue is not supported.");
+  edlog(l, e, NULL, 1, EDL_SEND);
+  /* Set the target list */
+  event_list *ol = NULL;
+  if (!atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(
+	&e->list, &ol, l,
+	memory_order_acq_rel, memory_order_acquire))
+    if (ol == l)
+      return;
+    else
+      bug("Queuing an already queued event to another queue is not supported.");
 
+  /* Here should be no concurrent senders */
   event *next = atomic_load_explicit(&l->receiver, memory_order_acquire);
-  do atomic_store_explicit(&e->next, next, memory_order_relaxed);
+  edlog(l, e, next, 2, EDL_SEND);
+  event *old_next = NULL;
+  do
+    if (!atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(
+	  &e->next, &old_next, next,
+	  memory_order_acq_rel, memory_order_acquire))
+      bug("Event %p in inconsistent state");
+    else
+    {
+      old_next = next;
+      edlog(l, old_next, next, 3, EDL_SEND);
+    }
   while (!atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(
 	&l->receiver, &next, e,
 	memory_order_acq_rel, memory_order_acquire));
 
+  edlog(l, e, next, 4, EDL_SEND);
   birdloop_ping(l->loop);
 }
 
@@ -199,37 +276,41 @@ int
 ev_run_list_limited(event_list *l, uint limit)
 {
   event * _Atomic *ep = &l->_executor;
+  edlog(l, NULL, NULL, 1, EDL_RUN_LIST);
 
   /* No pending events, refill the queue. */
-  if (atomic_load_explicit(ep, memory_order_relaxed) == &l->_sentinel)
+  if (!atomic_load_explicit(ep, memory_order_acquire))
   {
     /* Move the current event list aside and create a new one. */
-    event *received = atomic_exchange_explicit(
-	&l->receiver, &l->_sentinel, memory_order_acq_rel);
+    event *received = atomic_exchange_explicit(&l->receiver, NULL, memory_order_acq_rel);
+    edlog(l, NULL, received, 2, EDL_RUN_LIST);
 
     /* No event to run. */
-    if (received == &l->_sentinel)
+    if (!received)
       return 0;
 
     /* Setup the executor queue */
-    event *head = &l->_sentinel;
+    event *head = NULL;
 
     /* Flip the order of the events by relinking them one by one (push-pop) */
-    while (received != &l->_sentinel)
+    while (received)
     {
       event *cur = received;
-      received = atomic_exchange_explicit(&cur->next, head, memory_order_relaxed);
+      received = atomic_exchange_explicit(&cur->next, head, memory_order_acq_rel);
+      edlog(l, head, received, 3, EDL_RUN_LIST);
       head = cur;
     }
 
     /* Store the executor queue to its designated place */
-    atomic_store_explicit(ep, head, memory_order_relaxed);
+    ASSERT_DIE(atomic_exchange_explicit(ep, head, memory_order_acq_rel) == NULL);
+    edlog(l, NULL, head, 4, EDL_RUN_LIST);
   }
 
   /* Run the events in order. */
   event *e;
-  while ((e = atomic_load_explicit(ep, memory_order_relaxed)) != &l->_sentinel)
+  while (e = atomic_load_explicit(ep, memory_order_acquire))
     {
+      edlog(l, e, NULL, 5, EDL_RUN_LIST);
       /* Check limit */
       if (!--limit)
 	return 1;
@@ -238,14 +319,20 @@ ev_run_list_limited(event_list *l, uint limit)
       if ((l == &global_event_list) || (l == &global_work_list))
 	io_log_event(e->hook, e->data);
 
+      edlog(l, e, NULL, 6, EDL_RUN_LIST);
       /* Inactivate the event */
-      atomic_store_explicit(ep, atomic_load_explicit(&e->next, memory_order_relaxed), memory_order_relaxed);
-      atomic_store_explicit(&e->next, NULL, memory_order_relaxed);
+      event *next = atomic_load_explicit(&e->next, memory_order_relaxed);
+      ASSERT_DIE(e == atomic_exchange_explicit(ep, next, memory_order_acq_rel));
+      ASSERT_DIE(next == atomic_exchange_explicit(&e->next, NULL, memory_order_acq_rel));
+      ASSERT_DIE(l == atomic_exchange_explicit(&e->list, NULL, memory_order_acq_rel));
+      edlog(l, e, next, 7, EDL_RUN_LIST);
 
       /* Run the event */
       e->hook(e->data);
       tmp_flush();
+
+      edlog(l, e, next, 8, EDL_RUN_LIST);
     }
 
-  return atomic_load_explicit(&l->receiver, memory_order_relaxed) != &l->_sentinel;
+  return !!atomic_load_explicit(&l->receiver, memory_order_acquire);
 }
diff --git a/lib/event.h b/lib/event.h
index 9773c3a9..0bef737a 100644
--- a/lib/event.h
+++ b/lib/event.h
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 
 #include "lib/resource.h"
 #include "lib/locking.h"
+#include "lib/rcu.h"
 
 #include <stdatomic.h>
 
@@ -21,17 +22,14 @@ typedef struct event {
   void (*hook)(void *);
   void *data;
   struct event * _Atomic next;
+  struct event_list * _Atomic list;
 } event;
 
-typedef union event_list {
-  struct {
-    event * _Atomic receiver;	/* Event receive list */
-    event * _Atomic _executor;	/* Event execute list */
-    const char *name;
-    struct birdloop *loop;	/* The executor loop */
-    char _end[0];
-  };
-  event _sentinel;	/* Sentinel node to actively detect list end */
+typedef struct event_list {
+  event * _Atomic receiver;	/* Event receive list */
+  event * _Atomic _executor;	/* Event execute list */
+  const char *name;
+  struct birdloop *loop;	/* The executor loop */
 } event_list;
 
 extern event_list global_event_list;
@@ -56,23 +54,13 @@ int ev_run_list_limited(event_list *, uint);
 static inline int
 ev_active(event *e)
 {
-  return atomic_load_explicit(&e->next, memory_order_relaxed) != NULL;
+  return atomic_load_explicit(&e->list, memory_order_acquire) != NULL;
 }
 
 static inline event_list *
 ev_get_list(event *e)
 {
-  /* We are looking for the sentinel node at the list end.
-   * After this, we have s->next == NULL */
-  event *s = e;
-  for (event *sn; sn = atomic_load_explicit(&s->next, memory_order_acquire); s = sn)
-    ;
-
-  /* No sentinel, no list. */
-  if (s == e)
-    return NULL;
-  else
-    return SKIP_BACK(event_list, _sentinel, s);
+  return atomic_load_explicit(&e->list, memory_order_acquire);
 }
 
 static inline event*
diff --git a/lib/io-loop.h b/lib/io-loop.h
index 2450a609..ae58bbee 100644
--- a/lib/io-loop.h
+++ b/lib/io-loop.h
@@ -50,6 +50,14 @@ void birdloop_unlink(struct birdloop *loop);
 
 void birdloop_ping(struct birdloop *loop);
 
+struct birdloop_flag_handler {
+  void (*hook)(struct birdloop_flag_handler *, u32 flags);
+  void *data;
+};
+
+void birdloop_flag(struct birdloop *loop, u32 flag);
+void birdloop_flag_set_handler(struct birdloop *, struct birdloop_flag_handler *);
+
 void birdloop_init(void);
 
 /* Yield for a little while. Use only in special cases. */
diff --git a/lib/locking.h b/lib/locking.h
index 1df30063..498afdc8 100644
--- a/lib/locking.h
+++ b/lib/locking.h
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ struct domain_generic;
 struct lock_order {
   struct domain_generic *the_bird;
   struct domain_generic *proto;
+  struct domain_generic *service;
   struct domain_generic *rtable;
   struct domain_generic *attrs;
   struct domain_generic *resource;
diff --git a/lib/resource.c b/lib/resource.c
index 898fb533..2e367132 100644
--- a/lib/resource.c
+++ b/lib/resource.c
@@ -279,8 +279,8 @@ rlookup(unsigned long a)
 void
 resource_init(void)
 {
-  resource_sys_init();
   rcu_init();
+  resource_sys_init();
 
   root_pool.r.class = &pool_class;
   root_pool.name = "Root";
diff --git a/lib/resource.h b/lib/resource.h
index 5ad011ec..5d9e2165 100644
--- a/lib/resource.h
+++ b/lib/resource.h
@@ -122,8 +122,11 @@ void buffer_realloc(void **buf, unsigned *size, unsigned need, unsigned item_siz
 /* Allocator of whole pages; for use in slabs and other high-level allocators. */
 #define PAGE_HEAD(x)	((void *) (((uintptr_t) (x)) & ~(page_size-1)))
 extern long page_size;
+extern _Atomic int pages_kept;
+extern _Atomic int pages_kept_locally;
 void *alloc_page(void);
 void free_page(void *);
+void flush_local_pages(void);
 
 void resource_sys_init(void);
 
diff --git a/lib/settle.h b/lib/settle.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d274599d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/settle.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+ *	BIRD -- Settle timer
+ *
+ *	(c) 2022 Maria Matejka <mq@jmq.cz>
+ *	(c) 2022 CZ.NIC z.s.p.o.
+ *
+ *	Can be freely distributed and used under the terms of the GNU GPL.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _BIRD_SETTLE_H_
+#define _BIRD_SETTLE_H_
+
+#include "lib/birdlib.h"
+#include "lib/timer.h"
+
+struct settle_config {
+  btime min, max;
+};
+
+struct settle {
+  union {
+    /* Timer hook polymorphism. */
+    struct {
+      resource _r;
+      void (*hook)(struct settle *);
+    };
+    timer tm;
+  };
+  struct settle_config cf;
+  btime started;
+};
+
+STATIC_ASSERT(OFFSETOF(struct settle, hook) == OFFSETOF(struct settle, tm) + OFFSETOF(timer, hook));
+
+#define SETTLE_INIT(_cfp, _hook, _data) (struct settle) { .tm = { .data = (_data), }, .hook = (_hook), .cf = ({ASSERT_DIE((_cfp)->min <= (_cfp)->max); *(_cfp); }), }
+
+
+static inline void settle_init(struct settle *s, struct settle_config *cf, void (*hook)(struct settle *), void *data)
+{
+  *s = SETTLE_INIT(cf, hook, data);
+}
+
+#define settle_active(s) tm_active(&(s)->tm)
+
+static inline void settle_kick(struct settle *s, struct birdloop *loop)
+{
+  if (!tm_active(&s->tm))
+  {
+    s->started = current_time();
+    tm_set_in(&s->tm, s->started + s->cf.min, loop);
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    btime now = current_time();
+    tm_set_in(&s->tm, MIN_(now + s->cf.min, s->started + s->cf.max), loop);
+  }
+}
+
+static inline void settle_cancel(struct settle *s)
+{
+  tm_stop(&s->tm);
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/nest/Makefile b/nest/Makefile
index 39617350..5b27da0c 100644
--- a/nest/Makefile
+++ b/nest/Makefile
@@ -2,14 +2,13 @@ src := cli.c cmds.c iface.c locks.c neighbor.c password.c proto.c proto-build.c
 obj := $(src-o-files)
 $(all-daemon)
 $(cf-local)
-$(call proto-build,dev_build)
 
-$(proto-build-c): $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST))
+$(objdir)/nest/proto-build.c: $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST))
 	$(E)echo GEN $@
 	$(Q)echo "#include \"lib/birdlib.h\"" > $@
-	$(Q)$(patsubst %,echo 'void %(void);' >> $@;,$(PROTO_BUILD))
+	$(Q)$(patsubst %,echo 'void %_build(void);' >> $@;,$(PROTO_BUILD))
 	$(Q)echo "void protos_build_gen(void) {" >> $@
-	$(Q)$(patsubst %,echo '  %();'>>$@;,$(PROTO_BUILD))
+	$(Q)$(patsubst %,echo '  %_build();'>>$@;,$(PROTO_BUILD))
 	$(Q)echo "}" >> $@
 
 tests_src :=
diff --git a/nest/cmds.c b/nest/cmds.c
index 092be48a..8a5bbdd4 100644
--- a/nest/cmds.c
+++ b/nest/cmds.c
@@ -109,7 +109,6 @@ print_size(char *dsc, struct resmem vals)
 
 extern pool *rt_table_pool;
 extern pool *rta_pool;
-extern uint *pages_kept;
 
 void
 cmd_show_memory(void)
@@ -121,8 +120,10 @@ cmd_show_memory(void)
   print_size("Protocols:", rmemsize(proto_pool));
   struct resmem total = rmemsize(&root_pool);
 #ifdef HAVE_MMAP
-  print_size("Standby memory:", (struct resmem) { .overhead = page_size * *pages_kept });
-  total.overhead += page_size * *pages_kept;
+  int pk  = atomic_load_explicit(&pages_kept, memory_order_relaxed)
+	  + atomic_load_explicit(&pages_kept_locally, memory_order_relaxed);
+  print_size("Standby memory:", (struct resmem) { .overhead = page_size * pk });
+  total.overhead += page_size * pk;
 #endif
   print_size("Total:", total);
   cli_msg(0, "");
diff --git a/nest/config.Y b/nest/config.Y
index 84c76ae9..f2904882 100644
--- a/nest/config.Y
+++ b/nest/config.Y
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ CF_KEYWORDS(TIMEFORMAT, ISO, SHORT, LONG, ROUTE, PROTOCOL, BASE, LOG, S, MS, US)
 CF_KEYWORDS(GRACEFUL, RESTART, WAIT, MAX, AS)
 CF_KEYWORDS(MIN, IDLE, RX, TX, INTERVAL, MULTIPLIER, PASSIVE)
 CF_KEYWORDS(CHECK, LINK)
-CF_KEYWORDS(CORK, SORTED, TRIE, MIN, MAX, SETTLE, TIME, GC, THRESHOLD, PERIOD)
+CF_KEYWORDS(CORK, SORTED, TRIE, MIN, MAX, ROA, ROUTE, REFRESH, SETTLE, TIME, GC, THRESHOLD, PERIOD)
 
 /* For r_args_channel */
 CF_KEYWORDS(IPV4, IPV4_MC, IPV4_MPLS, IPV6, IPV6_MC, IPV6_MPLS, IPV6_SADR, VPN4, VPN4_MC, VPN4_MPLS, VPN6, VPN6_MC, VPN6_MPLS, ROA4, ROA6, FLOW4, FLOW6, MPLS, PRI, SEC)
@@ -233,6 +233,8 @@ table_opt:
      if ($3 > $4) cf_error("Cork low threshold must be lower than the high threshold.");
      this_table->cork_threshold.low = $3;
      this_table->cork_threshold.high = $4; }
+ | EXPORT SETTLE TIME settle { this_table->export_settle = $4; }
+ | ROUTE REFRESH EXPORT SETTLE TIME settle { this_table->export_rr_settle = $6; }
  | DEBUG bool { this_table->debug = $2; }
  ;
 
@@ -294,8 +296,8 @@ proto_item:
  | MRTDUMP mrtdump_mask { this_proto->mrtdump = $2; }
  | ROUTER ID idval { this_proto->router_id = $3; }
  | DESCRIPTION text { this_proto->dsc = $2; }
- | VRF text { this_proto->vrf = if_get_by_name($2); this_proto->vrf_set = 1; }
- | VRF DEFAULT { this_proto->vrf = NULL; this_proto->vrf_set = 1; }
+ | VRF text { this_proto->vrf = if_get_by_name($2); }
+ | VRF DEFAULT { this_proto->vrf = &default_vrf; }
  ;
 
 
@@ -321,8 +323,7 @@ channel_item_:
  | RECEIVE LIMIT limit_spec { this_channel->rx_limit = $3; }
  | IMPORT LIMIT limit_spec { this_channel->in_limit = $3; }
  | EXPORT LIMIT limit_spec { this_channel->out_limit = $3; }
- | MIN SETTLE TIME expr_us { this_channel->min_settle_time = $4; }
- | MAX SETTLE TIME expr_us { this_channel->max_settle_time = $4; }
+ | ROA SETTLE TIME settle { this_channel->roa_settle = $4; }
  | PREFERENCE expr { this_channel->preference = $2; check_u16($2); }
  | IMPORT KEEP FILTERED bool {
      if ($4)
@@ -424,7 +425,6 @@ timeformat_base:
    TIMEFORMAT timeformat_spec ';'
  ;
 
-
 /* Interface patterns */
 
 iface_patt_node_init:
diff --git a/nest/iface.c b/nest/iface.c
index 682340c5..fc896e26 100644
--- a/nest/iface.c
+++ b/nest/iface.c
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 static pool *if_pool;
 
 list iface_list;
+struct iface default_vrf;
 
 static void if_recalc_preferred(struct iface *i);
 
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ ifa_send_notify(struct proto *p, unsigned c, struct ifa *a)
 {
   if (p->ifa_notify &&
       (p->proto_state != PS_DOWN) &&
-      (!p->vrf_set || p->vrf == a->iface->master))
+      (!p->vrf || p->vrf == a->iface->master))
     {
       if (p->debug & D_IFACES)
 	log(L_TRACE "%s < address %N on interface %s %s",
@@ -185,7 +186,7 @@ if_send_notify(struct proto *p, unsigned c, struct iface *i)
 {
   if (p->if_notify &&
       (p->proto_state != PS_DOWN) &&
-      (!p->vrf_set || p->vrf == i->master))
+      (!p->vrf || p->vrf == i->master))
     {
       if (p->debug & D_IFACES)
 	log(L_TRACE "%s < interface %s %s", p->name, i->name,
@@ -243,7 +244,7 @@ if_recalc_flags(struct iface *i UNUSED, uint flags)
 {
   if ((flags & IF_ADMIN_UP) &&
       !(flags & (IF_SHUTDOWN | IF_TMP_DOWN)) &&
-      !(i->master_index && !i->master))
+      !(i->master_index && i->master == &default_vrf))
     flags |= IF_UP;
   else
     flags &= ~IF_UP;
@@ -301,6 +302,9 @@ if_update(struct iface *new)
   struct iface *i;
   unsigned c;
 
+  if (!new->master)
+    new->master = &default_vrf;
+
   WALK_LIST(i, iface_list)
     if (!strcmp(new->name, i->name))
       {
@@ -711,6 +715,7 @@ if_init(void)
 {
   if_pool = rp_new(&root_pool, "Interfaces");
   init_list(&iface_list);
+  strcpy(default_vrf.name, "default");
   neigh_init(if_pool);
 }
 
@@ -843,7 +848,7 @@ if_show(void)
 	continue;
 
       char mbuf[16 + sizeof(i->name)] = {};
-      if (i->master)
+      if (i->master != &default_vrf)
 	bsprintf(mbuf, " master=%s", i->master->name);
       else if (i->master_index)
 	bsprintf(mbuf, " master=#%u", i->master_index);
diff --git a/nest/iface.h b/nest/iface.h
index 1189cdd4..13f3bd12 100644
--- a/nest/iface.h
+++ b/nest/iface.h
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ struct ifa {				/* Interface address */
   unsigned flags;			/* Analogous to iface->flags */
 };
 
+extern struct iface default_vrf;
+
 struct iface {
   node n;
   char name[16];
diff --git a/nest/neighbor.c b/nest/neighbor.c
index 7cf9c85d..81da24d5 100644
--- a/nest/neighbor.c
+++ b/nest/neighbor.c
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ if_connected(ip_addr a, struct iface *i, struct ifa **ap, uint flags)
 }
 
 static inline int
-if_connected_any(ip_addr a, struct iface *vrf, uint vrf_set, struct iface **iface, struct ifa **addr, uint flags)
+if_connected_any(ip_addr a, struct iface *vrf, struct iface **iface, struct ifa **addr, uint flags)
 {
   struct iface *i;
   struct ifa *b;
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ if_connected_any(ip_addr a, struct iface *vrf, uint vrf_set, struct iface **ifac
 
   /* Prefer SCOPE_HOST or longer prefix */
   WALK_LIST(i, iface_list)
-    if ((!vrf_set || vrf == i->master) && ((s = if_connected(a, i, &b, flags)) >= 0))
+    if ((!vrf || vrf == i->master) && ((s = if_connected(a, i, &b, flags)) >= 0))
       if (scope_better(s, scope) || (scope_remote(s, scope) && ifa_better(b, *addr)))
       {
 	*iface = i;
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ neigh_find(struct proto *p, ip_addr a, struct iface *iface, uint flags)
     iface = (scope < 0) ? NULL : iface;
   }
   else
-    scope = if_connected_any(a, p->vrf, p->vrf_set, &iface, &addr, flags);
+    scope = if_connected_any(a, p->vrf, &iface, &addr, flags);
 
   /* scope < 0 means i don't know neighbor */
   /* scope >= 0  <=>  iface != NULL */
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ neigh_update(neighbor *n, struct iface *iface)
     return;
 
   /* VRF-bound neighbors ignore changes in other VRFs */
-  if (p->vrf_set && (p->vrf != iface->master))
+  if (p->vrf && (p->vrf != iface->master))
     return;
 
   scope = if_connected(n->addr, iface, &ifa, n->flags);
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ neigh_update(neighbor *n, struct iface *iface)
   {
     /* When neighbor is going down, try to respawn it on other ifaces */
     if ((scope < 0) && (n->scope >= 0) && !n->ifreq && (n->flags & NEF_STICKY))
-      scope = if_connected_any(n->addr, p->vrf, p->vrf_set, &iface, &ifa, n->flags);
+      scope = if_connected_any(n->addr, p->vrf, &iface, &ifa, n->flags);
   }
   else
   {
diff --git a/nest/proto.c b/nest/proto.c
index 783a936c..319b35dd 100644
--- a/nest/proto.c
+++ b/nest/proto.c
@@ -315,16 +315,15 @@ proto_remove_channels(struct proto *p)
 
 struct roa_subscription {
   node roa_node;
-  timer t;
-  btime base_settle_time;		/* Start of settling interval */
+  struct settle settle;
   struct channel *c;
   struct rt_export_request req;
 };
 
 static void
-channel_roa_in_changed(struct timer *t)
+channel_roa_in_changed(struct settle *se)
 {
-  struct roa_subscription *s = SKIP_BACK(struct roa_subscription, t, t);
+  struct roa_subscription *s = SKIP_BACK(struct roa_subscription, settle, se);
   struct channel *c = s->c;
   int active = !!c->reload_req.hook;
 
@@ -337,9 +336,9 @@ channel_roa_in_changed(struct timer *t)
 }
 
 static void
-channel_roa_out_changed(struct timer *t)
+channel_roa_out_changed(struct settle *se)
 {
-  struct roa_subscription *s = SKIP_BACK(struct roa_subscription, t, t);
+  struct roa_subscription *s = SKIP_BACK(struct roa_subscription, settle, se);
   struct channel *c = s->c;
 
   CD(c, "Feeding triggered by RPKI change");
@@ -356,17 +355,7 @@ channel_export_one_roa(struct rt_export_request *req, const net_addr *net UNUSED
   struct roa_subscription *s = SKIP_BACK(struct roa_subscription, req, req);
 
   /* TODO: use the information about what roa has changed */
-
-  if (!tm_active(&s->t))
-  {
-    s->base_settle_time = current_time();
-    tm_start(&s->t, s->base_settle_time + s->c->min_settle_time);
-  }
-  else
-    tm_set(&s->t,
-	MIN(s->base_settle_time + s->c->max_settle_time,
-	    current_time() + s->c->min_settle_time));
-
+  settle_kick(&s->settle, &main_birdloop);
 
   rpe_mark_seen_all(req->hook, first, NULL);
 }
@@ -380,14 +369,14 @@ channel_dump_roa_req(struct rt_export_request *req)
 
   debug("  Channel %s.%s ROA %s change notifier from table %s request %p\n",
       c->proto->name, c->name,
-      (s->t.hook == channel_roa_in_changed) ? "import" : "export",
+      (s->settle.hook == channel_roa_in_changed) ? "import" : "export",
       tab->name, req);
 }
 
 static int
 channel_roa_is_subscribed(struct channel *c, rtable *tab, int dir)
 {
-  void (*hook)(struct timer *) =
+  void (*hook)(struct settle *) =
     dir ? channel_roa_in_changed : channel_roa_out_changed;
 
   struct roa_subscription *s;
@@ -395,7 +384,7 @@ channel_roa_is_subscribed(struct channel *c, rtable *tab, int dir)
 
   WALK_LIST2(s, n, c->roa_subscriptions, roa_node)
     if ((tab == SKIP_BACK(rtable, priv.exporter.e, s->req.hook->table))
-	  && (s->t.hook == hook))
+	  && (s->settle.hook == hook))
       return 1;
 
   return 0;
@@ -410,7 +399,7 @@ channel_roa_subscribe(struct channel *c, rtable *tab, int dir)
   struct roa_subscription *s = mb_allocz(c->proto->pool, sizeof(struct roa_subscription));
 
   *s = (struct roa_subscription) {
-    .t = { .hook = dir ? channel_roa_in_changed : channel_roa_out_changed, },
+    .settle = SETTLE_INIT(&c->roa_settle, dir ? channel_roa_in_changed : channel_roa_out_changed, NULL),
     .c = c,
     .req = {
       .name = mb_sprintf(c->proto->pool, "%s.%s.roa-%s.%s",
@@ -934,8 +923,10 @@ channel_config_new(const struct channel_class *cc, const char *name, uint net_ty
   cf->debug = new_config->channel_default_debug;
   cf->rpki_reload = 1;
 
-  cf->min_settle_time = 1 S;
-  cf->max_settle_time = 20 S;
+  cf->roa_settle = (struct settle_config) {
+    .min = 1 S,
+    .max = 20 S,
+  };
 
   add_tail(&proto->channels, &cf->n);
 
@@ -1017,20 +1008,20 @@ channel_reconfigure(struct channel *c, struct channel_config *cf)
   c->in_req.trace_routes = c->out_req.trace_routes = c->debug | c->proto->debug;
   c->rpki_reload = cf->rpki_reload;
 
-  if (	  (c->min_settle_time != cf->min_settle_time)
-       || (c->max_settle_time != cf->max_settle_time))
+  if (	  (c->roa_settle.min != cf->roa_settle.min)
+       || (c->roa_settle.max != cf->roa_settle.max))
   {
-    c->min_settle_time = cf->min_settle_time;
-    c->max_settle_time = cf->max_settle_time;
+    c->roa_settle = cf->roa_settle;
 
     struct roa_subscription *s;
     node *n;
 
     WALK_LIST2(s, n, c->roa_subscriptions, roa_node)
-      if (tm_active(&s->t))
-	tm_set(&s->t,
-	    MIN(s->base_settle_time + c->max_settle_time,
-	      current_time() + c->min_settle_time));
+    {
+      s->settle.cf = cf->roa_settle;
+      if (settle_active(&s->settle))
+	settle_kick(&s->settle, &main_birdloop);
+    }
   }
 
   /* Execute channel-specific reconfigure hook */
@@ -1156,6 +1147,7 @@ proto_event(void *ptr)
   {
     if (p->proto == &proto_unix_iface)
       if_flush_ifaces(p);
+
     p->do_stop = 0;
   }
 
@@ -1208,7 +1200,6 @@ proto_init(struct proto_config *c, node *n)
   p->proto_state = PS_DOWN;
   p->last_state_change = current_time();
   p->vrf = c->vrf;
-  p->vrf_set = c->vrf_set;
   insert_node(&p->n, n);
 
   p->event = ev_new_init(proto_pool, proto_event, p);
@@ -1385,8 +1376,7 @@ proto_reconfigure(struct proto *p, struct proto_config *oc, struct proto_config
   if ((nc->protocol != oc->protocol) ||
       (nc->net_type != oc->net_type) ||
       (nc->disabled != p->disabled) ||
-      (nc->vrf != oc->vrf) ||
-      (nc->vrf_set != oc->vrf_set))
+      (nc->vrf != oc->vrf))
     return 0;
 
   p->name = nc->name;
@@ -2305,8 +2295,8 @@ proto_cmd_show(struct proto *p, uintptr_t verbose, int cnt)
       cli_msg(-1006, "  Message:        %s", p->message);
     if (p->cf->router_id)
       cli_msg(-1006, "  Router ID:      %R", p->cf->router_id);
-    if (p->vrf_set)
-      cli_msg(-1006, "  VRF:            %s", p->vrf ? p->vrf->name : "default");
+    if (p->vrf)
+      cli_msg(-1006, "  VRF:            %s", p->vrf->name);
 
     if (p->proto->show_proto_info)
       p->proto->show_proto_info(p);
diff --git a/nest/protocol.h b/nest/protocol.h
index c88598cc..892d1890 100644
--- a/nest/protocol.h
+++ b/nest/protocol.h
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "lib/lists.h"
 #include "lib/resource.h"
 #include "lib/event.h"
+#include "lib/settle.h"
 #include "nest/rt.h"
 #include "nest/limit.h"
 #include "conf/conf.h"
@@ -99,7 +100,6 @@ struct proto_config {
   int class;				/* SYM_PROTO or SYM_TEMPLATE */
   u8 net_type;				/* Protocol network type (NET_*), 0 for undefined */
   u8 disabled;				/* Protocol enabled/disabled by default */
-  u8 vrf_set;				/* Related VRF instance (below) is defined */
   u8 late_if_feed;			/* Delay interface feed after channels are up */
   u32 debug, mrtdump;			/* Debugging bitfields, both use D_* constants */
   u32 router_id;			/* Protocol specific router ID */
@@ -136,7 +136,6 @@ struct proto {
   uint active_loops;			/* Number of active IO loops */
   byte net_type;			/* Protocol network type (NET_*), 0 for undefined */
   byte disabled;			/* Manually disabled */
-  byte vrf_set;				/* Related VRF instance (above) is defined */
   byte proto_state;			/* Protocol state machine (PS_*, see below) */
   byte active;				/* From PS_START to cleanup after PS_STOP */
   byte do_stop;				/* Stop actions are scheduled */
@@ -459,8 +458,7 @@ struct channel_config {
   struct channel_limit in_limit;	/* Limit for importing routes from protocol */
   struct channel_limit out_limit;	/* Limit for exporting routes to protocol */
 
-  btime min_settle_time;		/* Minimum settle time for ROA-induced reload */
-  btime max_settle_time;		/* Maximum settle time for ROA-induced reload */
+  struct settle_config roa_settle;	/* Settle times for ROA-induced reload */
 
   u8 net_type;				/* Routing table network type (NET_*), 0 for undefined */
   u8 ra_mode;				/* Mode of received route advertisements (RA_*) */
@@ -489,8 +487,7 @@ struct channel {
   struct limit in_limit;		/* Input limit */
   struct limit out_limit;		/* Output limit */
 
-  btime min_settle_time;		/* Minimum settle time for ROA-induced reload */
-  btime max_settle_time;		/* Maximum settle time for ROA-induced reload */
+  struct settle_config roa_settle;	/* Settle times for ROA-induced reload */
 
   u8 limit_actions[PLD_MAX];		/* Limit actions enum */
   u8 limit_active;			/* Flags for active limits */
diff --git a/nest/rt-table.c b/nest/rt-table.c
index 95248635..36d69d92 100644
--- a/nest/rt-table.c
+++ b/nest/rt-table.c
@@ -130,7 +130,8 @@ struct rt_export_block {
 
 static void rt_free_hostcache(struct rtable_private *tab);
 static void rt_update_hostcache(void *tab);
-static void rt_next_hop_update(void *tab);
+static void rt_next_hop_update(struct rtable_private *tab);
+static void rt_nhu_uncork(void *_tab);
 static inline void rt_next_hop_resolve_rte(rte *r);
 static inline void rt_flowspec_resolve_rte(rte *r, struct channel *c);
 static inline void rt_prune_table(struct rtable_private *tab);
@@ -142,9 +143,10 @@ static void rt_feed_for(void *);
 static void rt_check_cork_low(struct rtable_private *tab);
 static void rt_check_cork_high(struct rtable_private *tab);
 static void rt_cork_release_hook(void *);
+static void rt_shutdown(void *);
 static void rt_delete(void *);
 
-static void rt_export_used(struct rt_table_exporter *);
+static void rt_export_used(struct rt_table_exporter *, const char *, const char *);
 static void rt_export_cleanup(struct rtable_private *tab);
 
 static int rte_same(rte *x, rte *y);
@@ -160,6 +162,7 @@ const char *rt_import_state_name_array[TIS_MAX] = {
 
 const char *rt_export_state_name_array[TES_MAX] = {
   [TES_DOWN] = "DOWN",
+  [TES_HUNGRY] = "HUNGRY",
   [TES_FEEDING] = "FEEDING",
   [TES_READY] = "READY",
   [TES_STOP] = "STOP"
@@ -183,8 +186,12 @@ const char *rt_export_state_name(u8 state)
 
 static struct hostentry *rt_get_hostentry(struct rtable_private *tab, ip_addr a, ip_addr ll, rtable *dep);
 
+static inline rtable *rt_priv_to_pub(struct rtable_private *tab) { return RT_PUB(tab); }
+static inline rtable *rt_pub_to_pub(rtable *tab) { return tab; }
+#define RT_ANY_TO_PUB(tab)	_Generic((tab),rtable*:rt_pub_to_pub,struct rtable_private*:rt_priv_to_pub)((tab))
+
 #define rt_trace(tab, level, fmt, args...)  do {\
-  struct rtable_private *t = (tab);		\
+  rtable *t = RT_ANY_TO_PUB((tab));		\
   if (t->config->debug & (level))		\
     log(L_TRACE "%s: " fmt, t->name, ##args);	\
 } while (0)
@@ -1416,9 +1423,9 @@ rt_send_export_event(struct rt_export_hook *hook)
 }
 
 static void
-rt_announce_exports(timer *tm)
+rt_announce_exports(struct settle *s)
 {
-  RT_LOCKED((rtable *) tm->data, tab)
+  RT_LOCKED(RT_PUB(SKIP_BACK(struct rtable_private, export_settle, s)), tab)
     if (!EMPTY_LIST(tab->exporter.pending))
     {
       struct rt_export_hook *c; node *n;
@@ -1432,33 +1439,38 @@ rt_announce_exports(timer *tm)
     }
 }
 
+static void
+rt_kick_export_settle(struct rtable_private *tab)
+{
+  tab->export_settle.cf = tab->rr_counter ? tab->config->export_rr_settle : tab->config->export_settle;
+  settle_kick(&tab->export_settle, tab->loop);
+}
+
 static void
 rt_import_announce_exports(void *_hook)
 {
   struct rt_import_hook *hook = _hook;
-  RT_LOCKED(hook->table, tab)
+  if (hook->import_state == TIS_CLEARED)
   {
-    if (hook->import_state == TIS_CLEARED)
+    void (*stopped)(struct rt_import_request *) = hook->stopped;
+    struct rt_import_request *req = hook->req;
+
+    RT_LOCKED(hook->table, tab)
     {
-      void (*stopped)(struct rt_import_request *) = hook->stopped;
-      struct rt_import_request *req = hook->req;
       req->hook = NULL;
 
       rt_trace(tab, D_EVENTS, "Hook %s stopped", req->name);
       rem_node(&hook->n);
       mb_free(hook);
       rt_unlock_table(tab);
-      RT_UNLOCK(tab);
-
-      stopped(req);
-      return;
     }
 
-    rt_trace(tab, D_EVENTS, "Announcing exports after imports from %s", hook->req->name);
-
-    if (!tm_active(tab->exporter.export_timer))
-      tm_start(tab->exporter.export_timer, tab->config->export_settle_time);
+    stopped(req);
+    return;
   }
+
+  rt_trace(hook->table, D_EVENTS, "Announcing exports after imports from %s", hook->req->name);
+  birdloop_flag(hook->table->loop, RTF_EXPORT);
 }
 
 static struct rt_pending_export *
@@ -1494,7 +1506,7 @@ rt_export_hook(void *_data)
 
     if (!c->rpe_next)
     {
-      rt_export_used(c->table);
+      rt_export_used(c->table, c->h.req->name, "done exporting");
       RT_UNLOCK(tab);
       return;
     }
@@ -1515,7 +1527,7 @@ rt_export_hook(void *_data)
 
   if (used)
     RT_LOCKED(tab, _)
-      rt_export_used(c->table);
+      rt_export_used(c->table, c->h.req->name, "finished export bulk");
 
   rt_send_export_event(&c->h);
 }
@@ -1957,7 +1969,7 @@ rt_table_export_done(void *hh)
     DBG("Export hook %p in table %s finished uc=%u\n", hook, tab->name, tab->use_count);
 
     /* Drop pending exports */
-    rt_export_used(&tab->exporter);
+    rt_export_used(&tab->exporter, hook->h.req->name, "stopped");
 
     /* Do the common code; this frees the hook */
     rt_export_stopped(&hook->h);
@@ -1996,9 +2008,10 @@ void
 rt_set_export_state(struct rt_export_hook *hook, u8 state)
 {
   hook->last_state_change = current_time();
-  atomic_store_explicit(&hook->export_state, state, memory_order_release);
+  u8 old = atomic_exchange_explicit(&hook->export_state, state, memory_order_release);
 
-  CALL(hook->req->log_state_change, hook->req, state);
+  if (old != state)
+    CALL(hook->req->log_state_change, hook->req, state);
 }
 
 void
@@ -2033,9 +2046,46 @@ rt_stop_import(struct rt_import_request *req, void (*stopped)(struct rt_import_r
     rt_schedule_prune(tab);
     rt_set_import_state(hook, TIS_STOP);
     hook->stopped = stopped;
+
+    if (hook->stale_set != hook->stale_pruned)
+      tab->rr_counter -= (hook->stale_set - hook->stale_pruned - 1);
+    else
+      tab->rr_counter++;
+
+    hook->stale_set = hook->stale_pruned = hook->stale_pruning = hook->stale_valid = 0;
   }
 }
 
+static void rt_table_export_start_feed(struct rtable_private *tab, struct rt_table_export_hook *hook);
+static void
+rt_table_export_uncork(void *_hook)
+{
+  ASSERT_DIE(birdloop_inside(&main_birdloop));
+
+  struct rt_table_export_hook *hook = _hook;
+  struct birdloop *loop = hook->h.req->list->loop;
+
+  if (loop != &main_birdloop)
+    birdloop_enter(loop);
+
+  u8 state;
+  switch (state = atomic_load_explicit(&hook->h.export_state, memory_order_relaxed))
+  {
+    case TES_HUNGRY:
+      RT_LOCKED(RT_PUB(SKIP_BACK(struct rtable_private, exporter, hook->table)), tab)
+	rt_table_export_start_feed(tab, hook);
+      break;
+    case TES_STOP:
+      rt_stop_export_common(&hook->h);
+      break;
+    default:
+      bug("Uncorking a table export in a strange state: %u", state);
+  }
+
+  if (loop != &main_birdloop)
+    birdloop_leave(loop);
+}
+
 static void
 rt_table_export_start_locked(struct rtable_private *tab, struct rt_export_request *req)
 {
@@ -2046,6 +2096,22 @@ rt_table_export_start_locked(struct rtable_private *tab, struct rt_export_reques
   req->hook->req = req;
 
   struct rt_table_export_hook *hook = SKIP_BACK(struct rt_table_export_hook, h, req->hook);
+  hook->h.event = (event) {
+    .hook = rt_table_export_uncork,
+    .data = hook,
+  };
+
+  if (rt_cork_check(&hook->h.event))
+    rt_set_export_state(&hook->h, TES_HUNGRY);
+  else
+    rt_table_export_start_feed(tab, hook);
+}
+
+static void
+rt_table_export_start_feed(struct rtable_private *tab, struct rt_table_export_hook *hook)
+{
+  struct rt_exporter *re = &tab->exporter.e;
+  struct rt_export_request *req = hook->h.req;
 
   /* stats zeroed by mb_allocz */
   switch (req->addr_mode)
@@ -2133,41 +2199,54 @@ rt_init_export(struct rt_exporter *re, struct rt_export_hook *hook)
   rt_send_export_event(hook);
 }
 
-static void
+static int
 rt_table_export_stop_locked(struct rt_export_hook *hh)
 {
   struct rt_table_export_hook *hook = SKIP_BACK(struct rt_table_export_hook, h, hh);
   struct rtable_private *tab = SKIP_BACK(struct rtable_private, exporter, hook->table);
 
-  if (atomic_load_explicit(&hh->export_state, memory_order_relaxed) == TES_FEEDING)
-    switch (hh->req->addr_mode)
-    {
-      case TE_ADDR_IN:
-	if (hook->walk_lock)
-	{
-	  rt_unlock_trie(tab, hook->walk_lock);
-	  hook->walk_lock = NULL;
-	  mb_free(hook->walk_state);
-	  hook->walk_state = NULL;
+  switch (atomic_load_explicit(&hh->export_state, memory_order_relaxed))
+  {
+    case TES_HUNGRY:
+      return 0;
+    case TES_FEEDING:
+      switch (hh->req->addr_mode)
+      {
+	case TE_ADDR_IN:
+	  if (hook->walk_lock)
+	  {
+	    rt_unlock_trie(tab, hook->walk_lock);
+	    hook->walk_lock = NULL;
+	    mb_free(hook->walk_state);
+	    hook->walk_state = NULL;
+	    break;
+	  }
+	  /* fall through */
+	case TE_ADDR_NONE:
+	  fit_get(&tab->fib, &hook->feed_fit);
 	  break;
-	}
-	/* fall through */
-      case TE_ADDR_NONE:
-	fit_get(&tab->fib, &hook->feed_fit);
-	break;
-    }
+      }
+
+  }
+  return 1;
 }
 
 static void
 rt_table_export_stop(struct rt_export_hook *hh)
 {
   struct rt_table_export_hook *hook = SKIP_BACK(struct rt_table_export_hook, h, hh);
+  int ok = 0;
   rtable *t = SKIP_BACK(rtable, priv.exporter, hook->table);
   if (RT_IS_LOCKED(t))
-    rt_table_export_stop_locked(hh);
+    ok = rt_table_export_stop_locked(hh);
   else
     RT_LOCKED(t, tab)
-      rt_table_export_stop_locked(hh);
+      ok = rt_table_export_stop_locked(hh);
+
+  if (ok)
+    rt_stop_export_common(hh);
+  else
+    rt_set_export_state(&hook->h, TES_STOP);
 }
 
 void
@@ -2177,18 +2256,24 @@ rt_stop_export(struct rt_export_request *req, void (*stopped)(struct rt_export_r
   ASSERT_DIE(req->hook);
   struct rt_export_hook *hook = req->hook;
 
-  /* Cancel the feeder event */
-  ev_postpone(&hook->event);
+  /* Set the stopped callback */
+  hook->stopped = stopped;
 
-  /* Stop feeding from the exporter */
-  CALL(hook->table->class->stop, hook);
+  /* Run the stop code */
+  if (hook->table->class->stop)
+    hook->table->class->stop(hook);
+  else
+    rt_stop_export_common(hook);
+}
+
+void
+rt_stop_export_common(struct rt_export_hook *hook)
+{
+  /* Update export state */
+  rt_set_export_state(hook, TES_STOP);
 
   /* Reset the event as the stopped event */
   hook->event.hook = hook->table->class->done;
-  hook->stopped = stopped;
-
-  /* Update export state */
-  rt_set_export_state(hook, TES_STOP);
 
   /* Run the stopped event */
   rt_send_export_event(hook);
@@ -2230,6 +2315,7 @@ rt_refresh_begin(struct rt_import_request *req)
            e->rte.stale_cycle = 0;
       }
     FIB_WALK_END;
+    tab->rr_counter -= (hook->stale_set - hook->stale_pruned - 1);
     hook->stale_set = 1;
     hook->stale_valid = 0;
     hook->stale_pruned = 0;
@@ -2240,6 +2326,7 @@ rt_refresh_begin(struct rt_import_request *req)
     /* Let's reserve the stale_cycle zero value for always-invalid routes */
     hook->stale_set = 1;
     hook->stale_valid = 0;
+    tab->rr_counter++;
   }
 
   if (req->trace_routes & D_STATES)
@@ -2391,22 +2478,18 @@ rt_schedule_nhu(struct rtable_private *tab)
   if (tab->nhu_corked)
   {
     if (!(tab->nhu_corked & NHU_SCHEDULED))
-    {
       tab->nhu_corked |= NHU_SCHEDULED;
-      rt_lock_table(tab);
-    }
   }
   else if (!(tab->nhu_state & NHU_SCHEDULED))
   {
     rt_trace(tab, D_EVENTS, "Scheduling NHU");
-    rt_lock_table(tab);
 
     /* state change:
      *   NHU_CLEAN   -> NHU_SCHEDULED
      *   NHU_RUNNING -> NHU_DIRTY
      */
     if ((tab->nhu_state |= NHU_SCHEDULED) == NHU_SCHEDULED)
-      ev_schedule(tab->nhu_event);
+      birdloop_flag(tab->loop, RTF_NHU);
   }
 }
 
@@ -2414,42 +2497,51 @@ void
 rt_schedule_prune(struct rtable_private *tab)
 {
   if (tab->prune_state == 0)
-    ev_schedule(tab->rt_event);
+    birdloop_flag(tab->loop, RTF_CLEANUP);
 
   /* state change 0->1, 2->3 */
   tab->prune_state |= 1;
 }
 
 static void
-rt_export_used(struct rt_table_exporter *e)
+rt_export_used(struct rt_table_exporter *e, const char *who, const char *why)
 {
   struct rtable_private *tab = SKIP_BACK(struct rtable_private, exporter, e);
   ASSERT_DIE(RT_IS_LOCKED(tab));
 
-  rt_trace(tab, D_EVENTS, "Export cleanup requested");
+  rt_trace(tab, D_EVENTS, "Export cleanup requested by %s %s", who, why);
 
   if (tab->export_used)
     return;
 
   tab->export_used = 1;
-  ev_schedule(tab->rt_event);
+  birdloop_flag(tab->loop, RTF_CLEANUP);
 }
 
 static void
-rt_event(void *ptr)
+rt_flag_handler(struct birdloop_flag_handler *fh, u32 flags)
 {
-  RT_LOCKED((rtable *) ptr, tab)
+  RT_LOCKED(RT_PUB(SKIP_BACK(struct rtable_private, fh, fh)), tab)
   {
+    ASSERT_DIE(birdloop_inside(tab->loop));
+    rt_lock_table(tab);
 
-  rt_lock_table(tab);
+    if (flags & RTF_NHU)
+      rt_next_hop_update(tab);
 
-  if (tab->export_used)
-    rt_export_cleanup(tab);
+    if (flags & RTF_EXPORT)
+      rt_kick_export_settle(tab);
 
-  if (tab->prune_state)
-    rt_prune_table(tab);
+    if (flags & RTF_CLEANUP)
+    {
+      if (tab->export_used)
+	rt_export_cleanup(tab);
 
-  rt_unlock_table(tab);
+      if (tab->prune_state)
+	rt_prune_table(tab);
+    }
+
+    rt_unlock_table(tab);
   }
 }
 
@@ -2471,7 +2563,7 @@ rt_kick_prune_timer(struct rtable_private *tab)
   /* Randomize GC period to +/- 50% */
   btime gc_period = tab->config->gc_period;
   gc_period = (gc_period / 2) + (random_u32() % (uint) gc_period);
-  tm_start(tab->prune_timer, gc_period);
+  tm_start_in(tab->prune_timer, gc_period, tab->loop);
 }
 
 
@@ -2516,6 +2608,14 @@ rt_flowspec_dump_req(struct rt_export_request *req)
   debug("  Flowspec link for table %s (%p)\n", ln->dst->name, req);
 }
 
+static void
+rt_flowspec_log_state_change(struct rt_export_request *req, u8 state)
+{
+  struct rt_flowspec_link *ln = SKIP_BACK(struct rt_flowspec_link, req, req);
+  rt_trace(ln->dst, D_STATES, "Flowspec link from %s export state changed to %s",
+      ln->src->name, rt_export_state_name(state));
+}
+
 static struct rt_flowspec_link *
 rt_flowspec_find_link(struct rtable_private *src, rtable *dst)
 {
@@ -2523,6 +2623,7 @@ rt_flowspec_find_link(struct rtable_private *src, rtable *dst)
   WALK_LIST2(hook, n, src->exporter.e.hooks, h.n)
     switch (atomic_load_explicit(&hook->h.export_state, memory_order_acquire))
     {
+      case TES_HUNGRY:
       case TES_FEEDING:
       case TES_READY:
 	if (hook->h.req->export_one == rt_flowspec_export_one)
@@ -2559,6 +2660,7 @@ rt_flowspec_link(rtable *src_pub, rtable *dst_pub)
 	.list = &global_work_list,
 	.trace_routes = src->config->debug,
 	.dump_req = rt_flowspec_dump_req,
+	.log_state_change = rt_flowspec_log_state_change,
 	.export_one = rt_flowspec_export_one,
       };
 
@@ -2670,6 +2772,8 @@ uint rtable_max_id = 0;
 rtable *
 rt_setup(pool *pp, struct rtable_config *cf)
 {
+  ASSERT_DIE(birdloop_inside(&main_birdloop));
+
   pool *p = rp_newf(pp, "Routing table %s", cf->name);
 
   struct rtable_private *t = ralloc(p, &rt_class);
@@ -2701,18 +2805,19 @@ rt_setup(pool *pp, struct rtable_config *cf)
   hmap_init(&t->id_map, p, 1024);
   hmap_set(&t->id_map, 0);
 
-  t->rt_event = ev_new_init(p, rt_event, t);
-  t->nhu_event = ev_new_init(p, rt_next_hop_update, t);
+  t->fh = (struct birdloop_flag_handler) { .hook = rt_flag_handler, };
+  t->nhu_uncork_event = ev_new_init(p, rt_nhu_uncork, t);
   t->prune_timer = tm_new_init(p, rt_prune_timer, t, 0, 0);
   t->last_rt_change = t->gc_time = current_time();
 
+  t->export_settle = SETTLE_INIT(&cf->export_settle, rt_announce_exports, NULL);
+
   t->exporter = (struct rt_table_exporter) {
     .e = {
       .class = &rt_table_exporter_class,
       .addr_type = t->addr_type,
       .rp = t->rp,
     },
-    .export_timer = tm_new_init(p, rt_announce_exports, t, 0, 0),
     .next_seq = 1,
   };
 
@@ -2730,6 +2835,12 @@ rt_setup(pool *pp, struct rtable_config *cf)
     t->flowspec_trie->ipv4 = (t->addr_type == NET_FLOW4);
   }
 
+  /* Start the service thread */
+  t->loop = birdloop_new(p, DOMAIN_ORDER(service), mb_sprintf(p, "Routing tahle %s", t->name));
+  birdloop_enter(t->loop);
+  birdloop_flag_set_handler(t->loop, &t->fh);
+  birdloop_leave(t->loop);
+
   return RT_PUB(t);
 }
 
@@ -2818,7 +2929,7 @@ again:
       if (limit <= 0)
       {
 	FIB_ITERATE_PUT(fit);
-	ev_schedule(tab->rt_event);
+	birdloop_flag(tab->loop, RTF_CLEANUP);
 	return;
       }
 
@@ -2852,15 +2963,15 @@ again:
   FIB_ITERATE_END;
 
   rt_trace(tab, D_EVENTS, "Prune done, scheduling export timer");
-  if (!tm_active(tab->exporter.export_timer))
-    tm_start(tab->exporter.export_timer, tab->config->export_settle_time);
+  rt_kick_export_settle(tab);
 
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
   fib_check(&tab->fib);
 #endif
 
   /* state change 2->0, 3->1 */
-  tab->prune_state &= 1;
+  if (tab->prune_state &= 1)
+    birdloop_flag(tab->loop, RTF_CLEANUP);
 
   if (tab->trie_new)
   {
@@ -2902,9 +3013,11 @@ again:
       ih->flush_seq = tab->exporter.next_seq;
       rt_set_import_state(ih, TIS_WAITING);
       flushed_channels++;
+      tab->rr_counter--;
     }
     else if (ih->stale_pruning != ih->stale_pruned)
     {
+      tab->rr_counter -= (ih->stale_pruned - ih->stale_pruning);
       ih->stale_pruned = ih->stale_pruning;
       if (ih->req->trace_routes & D_STATES)
 	log(L_TRACE "%s: table prune after refresh end [%u]", ih->req->name, ih->stale_pruned);
@@ -2932,6 +3045,7 @@ rt_export_cleanup(struct rtable_private *tab)
     switch (atomic_load_explicit(&eh->h.export_state, memory_order_acquire))
     {
       case TES_DOWN:
+      case TES_HUNGRY:
 	continue;
 
       case TES_READY:
@@ -3075,11 +3189,10 @@ done:;
     rt_kick_prune_timer(tab);
 
   if (tab->export_used)
-    ev_schedule(tab->rt_event);
+    birdloop_flag(tab->loop, RTF_CLEANUP);
 
-
-  if (EMPTY_LIST(tab->exporter.pending) && tm_active(tab->exporter.export_timer))
-    tm_stop(tab->exporter.export_timer);
+  if (EMPTY_LIST(tab->exporter.pending))
+    settle_cancel(&tab->export_settle);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -3681,35 +3794,44 @@ rt_next_hop_update_net(struct rtable_private *tab, net *n)
 }
 
 static void
-rt_next_hop_update(void *_tab)
+rt_nhu_uncork(void *_tab)
 {
   RT_LOCKED((rtable *) _tab, tab)
   {
-
-  /* If called from an uncork hook, reset the state */
-  if (tab->nhu_corked)
-  {
+    ASSERT_DIE(tab->nhu_corked);
     ASSERT_DIE(tab->nhu_state == 0);
+
+    /* Reset the state */
     tab->nhu_state = tab->nhu_corked;
     tab->nhu_corked = 0;
     rt_trace(tab, D_STATES, "Next hop updater uncorked");
+
+    birdloop_flag(tab->loop, RTF_NHU);
   }
+}
+
+static void
+rt_next_hop_update(struct rtable_private *tab)
+{
+  ASSERT_DIE(birdloop_inside(tab->loop));
+
+  if (tab->nhu_corked)
+    return;
 
   if (!tab->nhu_state)
-    bug("Called NHU event for no reason in table %s", tab->name);
+    return;
 
   /* Check corkedness */
-  if (rt_cork_check(tab->nhu_event))
+  if (rt_cork_check(tab->nhu_uncork_event))
   {
     rt_trace(tab, D_STATES, "Next hop updater corked");
     if ((tab->nhu_state & NHU_RUNNING)
-	&& !EMPTY_LIST(tab->exporter.pending)
-	&& !tm_active(tab->exporter.export_timer))
-      tm_start(tab->exporter.export_timer, tab->config->export_settle_time);
+	&& !EMPTY_LIST(tab->exporter.pending))
+      rt_kick_export_settle(tab);
 
     tab->nhu_corked = tab->nhu_state;
     tab->nhu_state = 0;
-    RT_RETURN(tab);
+    return;
   }
 
   struct fib_iterator *fit = &tab->nhu_fit;
@@ -3731,8 +3853,8 @@ rt_next_hop_update(void *_tab)
       if (max_feed <= 0)
 	{
 	  FIB_ITERATE_PUT(fit);
-	  ev_schedule(tab->nhu_event);
-	  RT_RETURN(tab);
+	  birdloop_flag(tab->loop, RTF_NHU);
+	  return;
 	}
       lp_state lps;
       lp_save(tmp_linpool, &lps);
@@ -3743,20 +3865,14 @@ rt_next_hop_update(void *_tab)
 
   /* Finished NHU, cleanup */
   rt_trace(tab, D_EVENTS, "NHU done, scheduling export timer");
-
-  if (!tm_active(tab->exporter.export_timer))
-    tm_start(tab->exporter.export_timer, tab->config->export_settle_time);
+  rt_kick_export_settle(tab);
 
   /* State change:
    *   NHU_DIRTY   -> NHU_SCHEDULED
    *   NHU_RUNNING -> NHU_CLEAN
    */
   if ((tab->nhu_state &= NHU_SCHEDULED) == NHU_SCHEDULED)
-    ev_schedule(tab->nhu_event);
-
-  rt_unlock_table(tab);
-
-  }
+    birdloop_flag(tab->loop, RTF_NHU);
 }
 
 void
@@ -3801,6 +3917,14 @@ rt_new_table(struct symbol *s, uint addr_type)
   c->gc_period = (uint) -1;	/* set in rt_postconfig() */
   c->cork_threshold.low = 128;
   c->cork_threshold.high = 512;
+  c->export_settle = (struct settle_config) {
+    .min = 1 MS,
+    .max = 100 MS,
+  };
+  c->export_rr_settle = (struct settle_config) {
+    .min = 100 MS,
+    .max = 3 S,
+  };
   c->debug = new_config->table_debug;
 
   add_tail(&new_config->tables, &c->n);
@@ -3840,13 +3964,22 @@ rt_unlock_table_priv(struct rtable_private *r, const char *file, uint line)
 {
   rt_trace(r, D_STATES, "Unlocked at %s:%d", file, line);
   if (!--r->use_count && r->deleted)
-    /* Schedule the delete event to finish this up */
-    ev_send(&global_event_list, ev_new_init(r->rp, rt_delete, r));
+    /* Stop the service thread to finish this up */
+    ev_send(&global_event_list, ev_new_init(r->rp, rt_shutdown, r));
+}
+
+static void
+rt_shutdown(void *tab_)
+{
+  struct rtable_private *r = tab_;
+  birdloop_stop(r->loop, rt_delete, r);
 }
 
 static void
 rt_delete(void *tab_)
 {
+  birdloop_enter(&main_birdloop);
+
   /* We assume that nobody holds the table reference now as use_count is zero.
    * Anyway the last holder may still hold the lock. Therefore we lock and
    * unlock it the last time to be sure that nobody is there. */
@@ -3857,6 +3990,8 @@ rt_delete(void *tab_)
 
   rfree(tab->rp);
   config_del_obstacle(conf);
+
+  birdloop_leave(&main_birdloop);
 }
 
 
@@ -3970,7 +4105,11 @@ rt_commit(struct config *new, struct config *old)
 	  rt_lock_table(tab);
 
 	  if (tab->hostcache)
+	  {
 	    rt_stop_export(&tab->hostcache->req, NULL);
+	    if (ev_get_list(&tab->hostcache->update) == &rt_cork.queue)
+	      ev_postpone(&tab->hostcache->update);
+	  }
 
 	  rt_unlock_table(tab);
 
@@ -4091,9 +4230,6 @@ rt_feed_by_fib(void *data)
     {
       if ((c->h.req->addr_mode == TE_ADDR_NONE) || net_in_netX(n->n.addr, c->h.req->addr))
       {
-	if (atomic_load_explicit(&c->h.export_state, memory_order_acquire) != TES_FEEDING)
-	  return;
-
 	if (!rt_prepare_feed(c, n, &block))
 	{
 	  FIB_ITERATE_PUT(fit);
@@ -4133,9 +4269,6 @@ rt_feed_by_trie(void *data)
     if (!n)
       continue;
 
-    if (atomic_load_explicit(&c->h.export_state, memory_order_acquire) != TES_FEEDING)
-      RT_RETURN(tab);
-
     if (!rt_prepare_feed(c, n, &block))
     {
       RT_UNLOCK(tab);
@@ -4335,17 +4468,29 @@ hc_notify_dump_req(struct rt_export_request *req)
   debug("  Table %s (%p)\n", req->name, req);
 }
 
+static void
+hc_notify_log_state_change(struct rt_export_request *req, u8 state)
+{
+  struct hostcache *hc = SKIP_BACK(struct hostcache, req, req);
+  rt_trace((rtable *) hc->update.data, D_STATES, "HCU Export state changed to %s", rt_export_state_name(state));
+}
+
 static void
 hc_notify_export_one(struct rt_export_request *req, const net_addr *net, struct rt_pending_export *first)
 {
   struct hostcache *hc = SKIP_BACK(struct hostcache, req, req);
 
   /* No interest in this update, mark seen only */
-  if (ev_active(&hc->update) || !trie_match_net(hc->trie, net))
-  {
-    rpe_mark_seen_all(req->hook, first, NULL);
+  int interested = 1;
+  RT_LOCKED((rtable *) hc->update.data, tab)
+    if (ev_active(&hc->update) || !trie_match_net(hc->trie, net))
+    {
+      rpe_mark_seen_all(req->hook, first, NULL);
+      interested = 0;
+    }
+
+  if (!interested)
     return;
-  }
 
   /* This net may affect some hostentries, check the actual change */
   rte *o = RTE_VALID_OR_NULL(first->old_best);
@@ -4359,7 +4504,10 @@ hc_notify_export_one(struct rt_export_request *req, const net_addr *net, struct
 
   /* Yes, something has actually changed. Do the hostcache update. */
   if (o != RTE_VALID_OR_NULL(new_best))
-    ev_schedule_work(&hc->update);
+    RT_LOCKED((rtable *) hc->update.data, tab)
+      if ((atomic_load_explicit(&req->hook->export_state, memory_order_acquire) == TES_READY)
+	  && !ev_active(&hc->update))
+	ev_send_loop(tab->loop, &hc->update);
 }
 
 
@@ -4386,6 +4534,7 @@ rt_init_hostcache(struct rtable_private *tab)
     .list = &global_work_list,
     .trace_routes = tab->config->debug,
     .dump_req = hc_notify_dump_req,
+    .log_state_change = hc_notify_log_state_change,
     .export_one = hc_notify_export_one,
   };
 
@@ -4522,6 +4671,10 @@ rt_update_hostcache(void *data)
 
   struct hostcache *hc = tab->hostcache;
 
+  /* Shutdown shortcut */
+  if (!hc->req.hook)
+    RT_RETURN(tab);
+
   if (rt_cork_check(&hc->update))
   {
     rt_trace(tab, D_STATES, "Hostcache update corked");
diff --git a/nest/rt.h b/nest/rt.h
index 3a8489e8..6ee2ce9b 100644
--- a/nest/rt.h
+++ b/nest/rt.h
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 #include "lib/route.h"
 #include "lib/event.h"
 #include "lib/rcu.h"
+#include "lib/io-loop.h"
+#include "lib/settle.h"
 
 #include <stdatomic.h>
 
@@ -61,8 +63,10 @@ struct rtable_config {
   byte sorted;				/* Routes of network are sorted according to rte_better() */
   byte trie_used;			/* Rtable has attached trie */
   byte debug;				/* Whether to log */
-  btime export_settle_time;		/* Delay before exports are announced */
   struct rt_cork_threshold cork_threshold;	/* Cork threshold values */
+  struct settle_config export_settle;	/* Export announcement settler */
+  struct settle_config export_rr_settle;/* Export announcement settler config valid when any
+					   route refresh is running */
 };
 
 struct rt_export_hook;
@@ -85,7 +89,6 @@ struct rt_exporter {
 struct rt_table_exporter {
   struct rt_exporter e;
   list pending;				/* List of packed struct rt_pending_export */
-  struct timer *export_timer;
 
   struct rt_pending_export *first;	/* First export to announce */
   u64 next_seq;				/* The next export will have this ID */
@@ -104,6 +107,7 @@ DEFINE_DOMAIN(rtable);
     uint id;				/* Integer table ID for fast lookup */			\
     DOMAIN(rtable) lock;		/* Lock to take to access the private parts */		\
     struct rtable_config *config;	/* Configuration of this table */			\
+    struct birdloop *loop;		/* Service thread */					\
 
 /* The complete rtable structure */
 struct rtable_private {
@@ -127,12 +131,16 @@ struct rtable_private {
 					 * delete as soon as use_count becomes 0 and remove
 					 * obstacle from this routing table.
 					 */
-  struct event *rt_event;		/* Routing table event */
-  struct event *nhu_event;		/* Specific event for next hop update */
+  struct event *nhu_uncork_event;	/* Helper event to schedule NHU on uncork */
+  struct settle export_settle;		/* Export batching settle timer */
   struct timer *prune_timer;		/* Timer for periodic pruning / GC */
+  struct birdloop_flag_handler fh;	/* Handler for simple events */
   btime last_rt_change;			/* Last time when route changed */
   btime gc_time;			/* Time of last GC */
   uint gc_counter;			/* Number of operations since last GC */
+  uint rr_counter;			/* Number of currently running route refreshes,
+					   in fact sum of (stale_set - stale_pruned) over all importers
+					   + one for each TIS_FLUSHING importer */
   byte prune_state;			/* Table prune state, 1 -> scheduled, 2-> running */
   byte prune_trie;			/* Prune prefix trie during next table prune */
   byte nhu_state;			/* Next Hop Update state */
@@ -171,6 +179,11 @@ typedef union rtable {
 
 #define RT_PRIV_SAME(tpriv, tpub)	(&(tpub)->priv == (tpriv))
 
+/* Flags for birdloop_flag() */
+#define RTF_CLEANUP	1
+#define RTF_NHU		2
+#define RTF_EXPORT	4
+
 extern struct rt_cork {
   _Atomic uint active;
   event_list queue;
@@ -187,7 +200,7 @@ static inline void rt_cork_release(void)
   if (atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(&rt_cork.active, 1, memory_order_acq_rel) == 1)
   {
     synchronize_rcu();
-    ev_schedule_work(&rt_cork.run);
+    ev_send(&global_work_list, &rt_cork.run);
   }
 }
 
@@ -356,6 +369,7 @@ struct rt_table_export_hook {
 #define TIS_MAX		6
 
 #define TES_DOWN	0
+#define TES_HUNGRY	1
 #define TES_FEEDING	2
 #define TES_READY	3
 #define TES_STOP	4
@@ -417,6 +431,7 @@ int rpe_get_seen(struct rt_export_hook *hook, struct rt_pending_export *rpe);
 
 void rt_init_export(struct rt_exporter *re, struct rt_export_hook *hook);
 struct rt_export_hook *rt_alloc_export(struct rt_exporter *re, uint size);
+void rt_stop_export_common(struct rt_export_hook *hook);
 void rt_export_stopped(struct rt_export_hook *hook);
 void rt_exporter_init(struct rt_exporter *re);
 
diff --git a/proto/babel/Makefile b/proto/babel/Makefile
index ae6aeaf2..06b58e95 100644
--- a/proto/babel/Makefile
+++ b/proto/babel/Makefile
@@ -2,6 +2,5 @@ src := babel.c packets.c
 obj := $(src-o-files)
 $(all-daemon)
 $(cf-local)
-$(call proto-build,babel_build)
 
 tests_objs := $(tests_objs) $(src-o-files)
diff --git a/proto/bfd/Makefile b/proto/bfd/Makefile
index 11d639d7..267dff98 100644
--- a/proto/bfd/Makefile
+++ b/proto/bfd/Makefile
@@ -2,6 +2,5 @@ src := bfd.c packets.c
 obj := $(src-o-files)
 $(all-daemon)
 $(cf-local)
-$(call proto-build,bfd_build)
 
 tests_objs := $(tests_objs) $(src-o-files)
diff --git a/proto/bfd/bfd.c b/proto/bfd/bfd.c
index 331ba730..25ff19ac 100644
--- a/proto/bfd/bfd.c
+++ b/proto/bfd/bfd.c
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
  * BFD thread to the main thread. This is done in an asynchronous way, sesions
  * with pending notifications are linked (in the BFD thread) to @notify_list in
  * &bfd_proto, and then bfd_notify_hook() in the main thread is activated using
- * bfd_notify_kick() and a pipe. The hook then processes scheduled sessions and
+ * a standard event sending code. The hook then processes scheduled sessions and
  * calls hooks from associated BFD requests. This @notify_list (and state fields
  * in structure &bfd_session) is protected by a spinlock in &bfd_proto and
  * functions bfd_lock_sessions() / bfd_unlock_sessions().
@@ -128,7 +128,6 @@ const char *bfd_state_names[] = { "AdminDown", "Down", "Init", "Up" };
 static void bfd_session_set_min_tx(struct bfd_session *s, u32 val);
 static struct bfd_iface *bfd_get_iface(struct bfd_proto *p, ip_addr local, struct iface *iface);
 static void bfd_free_iface(struct bfd_iface *ifa);
-static inline void bfd_notify_kick(struct bfd_proto *p);
 
 
 /*
@@ -177,7 +176,7 @@ bfd_session_update_state(struct bfd_session *s, uint state, uint diag)
     bfd_session_set_min_tx(s, s->cf.idle_tx_int);
 
   if (notify)
-    bfd_notify_kick(p);
+    ev_send(&global_event_list, &p->notify_event);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -666,7 +665,7 @@ bfd_add_request(struct bfd_proto *p, struct bfd_request *req)
 {
   struct bfd_config *cf = (struct bfd_config *) (p->p.cf);
 
-  if (p->p.vrf_set && (p->p.vrf != req->vrf))
+  if (p->p.vrf && (p->p.vrf != req->vrf))
     return 0;
 
   if (ipa_is_ip4(req->addr) ? !cf->accept_ipv4 : !cf->accept_ipv6)
@@ -952,21 +951,15 @@ bfd_reconfigure_neighbors(struct bfd_proto *p, struct bfd_config *new)
 
 /* This core notify code should be replaced after main loop transition to birdloop */
 
-int pipe(int pipefd[2]);
-void pipe_drain(int fd);
-void pipe_kick(int fd);
-
-static int
-bfd_notify_hook(sock *sk, uint len UNUSED)
+static void
+bfd_notify_hook(void *data)
 {
-  struct bfd_proto *p = sk->data;
+  struct bfd_proto *p = data;
   struct bfd_session *s;
   list tmp_list;
   u8 state, diag;
   node *n, *nn;
 
-  pipe_drain(sk->fd);
-
   bfd_lock_sessions(p);
   init_list(&tmp_list);
   add_tail_list(&tmp_list, &p->notify_list);
@@ -990,55 +983,8 @@ bfd_notify_hook(sock *sk, uint len UNUSED)
     if (EMPTY_LIST(s->request_list))
       bfd_remove_session(p, s);
   }
-
-  return 0;
 }
 
-static inline void
-bfd_notify_kick(struct bfd_proto *p)
-{
-  pipe_kick(p->notify_ws->fd);
-}
-
-static void
-bfd_noterr_hook(sock *sk, int err)
-{
-  struct bfd_proto *p = sk->data;
-  log(L_ERR "%s: Notify socket error: %m", p->p.name, err);
-}
-
-static void
-bfd_notify_init(struct bfd_proto *p)
-{
-  int pfds[2];
-  sock *sk;
-
-  int rv = pipe(pfds);
-  if (rv < 0)
-    die("pipe: %m");
-
-  sk = sk_new(p->p.pool);
-  sk->type = SK_MAGIC;
-  sk->rx_hook = bfd_notify_hook;
-  sk->err_hook = bfd_noterr_hook;
-  sk->fd = pfds[0];
-  sk->data = p;
-  if (sk_open(sk) < 0)
-    die("bfd: sk_open failed");
-  p->notify_rs = sk;
-
-  /* The write sock is not added to any event loop */
-  sk = sk_new(p->p.pool);
-  sk->type = SK_MAGIC;
-  sk->fd = pfds[1];
-  sk->data = p;
-  sk->flags = SKF_THREAD;
-  if (sk_open(sk) < 0)
-    die("bfd: sk_open failed");
-  p->notify_ws = sk;
-}
-
-
 /*
  *	BFD protocol glue
  */
@@ -1070,7 +1016,10 @@ bfd_start(struct proto *P)
   init_list(&p->iface_list);
 
   init_list(&p->notify_list);
-  bfd_notify_init(p);
+  p->notify_event = (event) {
+    .hook = bfd_notify_hook,
+    .data = p,
+  };
 
   add_tail(&bfd_global.proto_list, &p->bfd_node);
 
diff --git a/proto/bfd/bfd.h b/proto/bfd/bfd.h
index b9afaf92..9a8e20c6 100644
--- a/proto/bfd/bfd.h
+++ b/proto/bfd/bfd.h
@@ -99,8 +99,7 @@ struct bfd_proto
   HASH(struct bfd_session) session_hash_id;
   HASH(struct bfd_session) session_hash_ip;
 
-  sock *notify_rs;
-  sock *notify_ws;
+  event notify_event;
   list notify_list;
 
   sock *rx4_1;
diff --git a/proto/bgp/Makefile b/proto/bgp/Makefile
index 2a4cc99c..f6a38678 100644
--- a/proto/bgp/Makefile
+++ b/proto/bgp/Makefile
@@ -2,6 +2,5 @@ src := attrs.c bgp.c packets.c
 obj := $(src-o-files)
 $(all-daemon)
 $(cf-local)
-$(call proto-build,bgp_build)
 
 tests_objs := $(tests_objs) $(src-o-files)
diff --git a/proto/mrt/Makefile b/proto/mrt/Makefile
index 000e1c1c..8cd44ac1 100644
--- a/proto/mrt/Makefile
+++ b/proto/mrt/Makefile
@@ -2,6 +2,5 @@ src := mrt.c
 obj := $(src-o-files)
 $(all-daemon)
 $(cf-local)
-$(call proto-build,mrt_build)
 
 tests_objs := $(tests_objs) $(src-o-files)
diff --git a/proto/ospf/Makefile b/proto/ospf/Makefile
index 85664543..015f394a 100644
--- a/proto/ospf/Makefile
+++ b/proto/ospf/Makefile
@@ -2,6 +2,5 @@ src := dbdes.c hello.c iface.c lsack.c lsalib.c lsreq.c lsupd.c neighbor.c ospf.
 obj := $(src-o-files)
 $(all-daemon)
 $(cf-local)
-$(call proto-build,ospf_build)
 
 tests_objs := $(tests_objs) $(src-o-files)
diff --git a/proto/perf/Makefile b/proto/perf/Makefile
index 42051f43..7877fb19 100644
--- a/proto/perf/Makefile
+++ b/proto/perf/Makefile
@@ -2,6 +2,5 @@ src := perf.c
 obj := $(src-o-files)
 $(all-daemon)
 $(cf-local)
-$(call proto-build,perf_build)
 
 tests_objs := $(tests_objs) $(src-o-files)
diff --git a/proto/pipe/Makefile b/proto/pipe/Makefile
index ba66027f..0d68db4c 100644
--- a/proto/pipe/Makefile
+++ b/proto/pipe/Makefile
@@ -2,6 +2,5 @@ src := pipe.c
 obj := $(src-o-files)
 $(all-daemon)
 $(cf-local)
-$(call proto-build,pipe_build)
 
 tests_objs := $(tests_objs) $(src-o-files)
diff --git a/proto/pipe/config.Y b/proto/pipe/config.Y
index 0990168e..444de127 100644
--- a/proto/pipe/config.Y
+++ b/proto/pipe/config.Y
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ proto: pipe_proto '}' { this_channel = NULL; }  ;
 pipe_proto_start: proto_start PIPE
 {
   this_proto = proto_config_new(&proto_pipe, $1);
+  this_proto->loop_order = DOMAIN_ORDER(proto);
   PIPE_CFG->max_generation = 16;
 }
 proto_name
diff --git a/proto/radv/Makefile b/proto/radv/Makefile
index 4780bee3..5c56fbf3 100644
--- a/proto/radv/Makefile
+++ b/proto/radv/Makefile
@@ -2,6 +2,5 @@ src := packets.c radv.c
 obj := $(src-o-files)
 $(all-daemon)
 $(cf-local)
-$(call proto-build,radv_build)
 
 tests_objs := $(tests_objs) $(src-o-files)
diff --git a/proto/rip/Makefile b/proto/rip/Makefile
index b9ff62d6..f4a6fa72 100644
--- a/proto/rip/Makefile
+++ b/proto/rip/Makefile
@@ -2,6 +2,5 @@ src := packets.c rip.c
 obj := $(src-o-files)
 $(all-daemon)
 $(cf-local)
-$(call proto-build,rip_build)
 
 tests_objs := $(tests_objs) $(src-o-files)
diff --git a/proto/rpki/Makefile b/proto/rpki/Makefile
index 8e3a2761..0f60b2a0 100644
--- a/proto/rpki/Makefile
+++ b/proto/rpki/Makefile
@@ -2,6 +2,5 @@ src := rpki.c packets.c tcp_transport.c ssh_transport.c transport.c
 obj := $(src-o-files)
 $(all-daemon)
 $(cf-local)
-$(call proto-build,rpki_build)
 
 tests_objs := $(tests_objs) $(src-o-files)
diff --git a/proto/rpki/config.Y b/proto/rpki/config.Y
index d6d326b8..743b5b42 100644
--- a/proto/rpki/config.Y
+++ b/proto/rpki/config.Y
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ proto: rpki_proto ;
 
 rpki_proto_start: proto_start RPKI {
   this_proto = proto_config_new(&proto_rpki, $1);
+  this_proto->loop_order = DOMAIN_ORDER(proto);
   RPKI_CFG->retry_interval = RPKI_RETRY_INTERVAL;
   RPKI_CFG->refresh_interval = RPKI_REFRESH_INTERVAL;
   RPKI_CFG->expire_interval = RPKI_EXPIRE_INTERVAL;
diff --git a/proto/rpki/packets.c b/proto/rpki/packets.c
index 108da61b..d7895a22 100644
--- a/proto/rpki/packets.c
+++ b/proto/rpki/packets.c
@@ -233,7 +233,12 @@ static const size_t min_pdu_size[] = {
   [ERROR] 			= 16,
 };
 
-static int rpki_send_error_pdu(struct rpki_cache *cache, const enum pdu_error_type error_code, const u32 err_pdu_len, const struct pdu_header *erroneous_pdu, const char *fmt, ...);
+static int rpki_send_error_pdu_(struct rpki_cache *cache, const enum pdu_error_type error_code, const u32 err_pdu_len, const struct pdu_header *erroneous_pdu, const char *fmt, ...);
+
+#define rpki_send_error_pdu(cache, error_code, err_pdu_len, erroneous_pdu, fmt...) ({ \
+    rpki_send_error_pdu_(cache, error_code, err_pdu_len, erroneous_pdu, #fmt); \
+    CACHE_TRACE(D_PACKETS, cache, #fmt); \
+    })
 
 static void
 rpki_pdu_to_network_byte_order(struct pdu_header *pdu)
@@ -595,6 +600,7 @@ rpki_handle_error_pdu(struct rpki_cache *cache, const struct pdu_error *pdu)
   case INTERNAL_ERROR:
   case INVALID_REQUEST:
   case UNSUPPORTED_PDU_TYPE:
+    CACHE_TRACE(D_PACKETS, cache, "Got UNSUPPORTED_PDU_TYPE");
     rpki_cache_change_state(cache, RPKI_CS_ERROR_FATAL);
     break;
 
@@ -652,21 +658,7 @@ rpki_handle_cache_response_pdu(struct rpki_cache *cache, const struct pdu_cache_
 {
   if (cache->request_session_id)
   {
-    if (cache->last_update)
-    {
-      /*
-       * This isn't the first sync and we already received records. This point
-       * is after Reset Query and before importing new records from cache
-       * server. We need to load new ones and kick out missing ones.  So start
-       * a refresh cycle.
-       */
-      if (cache->p->roa4_channel)
-	rt_refresh_begin(&cache->p->roa4_channel->in_req);
-      if (cache->p->roa6_channel)
-	rt_refresh_begin(&cache->p->roa6_channel->in_req);
-
-      cache->p->refresh_channels = 1;
-    }
+    rpki_start_refresh(cache->p);
     cache->session_id = pdu->session_id;
     cache->request_session_id = 0;
   }
@@ -842,14 +834,7 @@ rpki_handle_end_of_data_pdu(struct rpki_cache *cache, const struct pdu_end_of_da
 		(cf->keep_expire_interval ? "keeps " : ""),  cache->expire_interval);
   }
 
-  if (cache->p->refresh_channels)
-  {
-    cache->p->refresh_channels = 0;
-    if (cache->p->roa4_channel)
-      rt_refresh_end(&cache->p->roa4_channel->in_req);
-    if (cache->p->roa6_channel)
-      rt_refresh_end(&cache->p->roa6_channel->in_req);
-  }
+  rpki_stop_refresh(cache->p);
 
   cache->last_update = current_time();
   cache->serial_num = pdu->serial_num;
@@ -1040,7 +1025,7 @@ rpki_connected_hook(sock *sk)
  * This function prepares Error PDU and sends it to a cache server.
  */
 static int
-rpki_send_error_pdu(struct rpki_cache *cache, const enum pdu_error_type error_code, const u32 err_pdu_len, const struct pdu_header *erroneous_pdu, const char *fmt, ...)
+rpki_send_error_pdu_(struct rpki_cache *cache, const enum pdu_error_type error_code, const u32 err_pdu_len, const struct pdu_header *erroneous_pdu, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
   va_list args;
   char msg[128];
diff --git a/proto/rpki/rpki.c b/proto/rpki/rpki.c
index 56615e36..7ec8d72f 100644
--- a/proto/rpki/rpki.c
+++ b/proto/rpki/rpki.c
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ static void rpki_schedule_next_expire_check(struct rpki_cache *cache);
 static void rpki_stop_refresh_timer_event(struct rpki_cache *cache);
 static void rpki_stop_retry_timer_event(struct rpki_cache *cache);
 static void rpki_stop_expire_timer_event(struct rpki_cache *cache);
+static void rpki_stop_all_timers(struct rpki_cache *cache);
 
 
 /*
@@ -136,6 +137,30 @@ rpki_table_remove_roa(struct rpki_cache *cache, struct channel *channel, const n
   rte_update(channel, &pfxr->n, NULL, p->p.main_source);
 }
 
+void
+rpki_start_refresh(struct rpki_proto *p)
+{
+  if (p->roa4_channel)
+    rt_refresh_begin(&p->roa4_channel->in_req);
+  if (p->roa6_channel)
+    rt_refresh_begin(&p->roa6_channel->in_req);
+
+  p->refresh_channels = 1;
+}
+
+void
+rpki_stop_refresh(struct rpki_proto *p)
+{
+  if (!p->refresh_channels)
+    return;
+
+  p->refresh_channels = 0;
+
+  if (p->roa4_channel)
+    rt_refresh_end(&p->roa4_channel->in_req);
+  if (p->roa6_channel)
+    rt_refresh_end(&p->roa6_channel->in_req);
+}
 
 /*
  *	RPKI Protocol Logic
@@ -192,6 +217,8 @@ rpki_force_restart_proto(struct rpki_proto *p)
 {
   if (p->cache)
   {
+    rpki_tr_close(p->cache->tr_sock);
+    rpki_stop_all_timers(p->cache);
     CACHE_DBG(p->cache, "Connection object destroying");
   }
 
@@ -315,7 +342,7 @@ rpki_schedule_next_refresh(struct rpki_cache *cache)
   btime t = cache->refresh_interval S;
 
   CACHE_DBG(cache, "after %t s", t);
-  tm_start(cache->refresh_timer, t);
+  tm_start_in(cache->refresh_timer, t, cache->p->p.loop);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -324,7 +351,7 @@ rpki_schedule_next_retry(struct rpki_cache *cache)
   btime t = cache->retry_interval S;
 
   CACHE_DBG(cache, "after %t s", t);
-  tm_start(cache->retry_timer, t);
+  tm_start_in(cache->retry_timer, t, cache->p->p.loop);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -335,7 +362,7 @@ rpki_schedule_next_expire_check(struct rpki_cache *cache)
   t = MAX(t, 1 S);
 
   CACHE_DBG(cache, "after %t s", t);
-  tm_start(cache->expire_timer, t);
+  tm_start_in(cache->expire_timer, t, cache->p->p.loop);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -352,13 +379,21 @@ rpki_stop_retry_timer_event(struct rpki_cache *cache)
   tm_stop(cache->retry_timer);
 }
 
-static void UNUSED
+static void
 rpki_stop_expire_timer_event(struct rpki_cache *cache)
 {
   CACHE_DBG(cache, "Stop");
   tm_stop(cache->expire_timer);
 }
 
+static void
+rpki_stop_all_timers(struct rpki_cache *cache)
+{
+  rpki_stop_refresh_timer_event(cache);
+  rpki_stop_retry_timer_event(cache);
+  rpki_stop_expire_timer_event(cache);
+}
+
 static int
 rpki_do_we_recv_prefix_pdu_in_last_seconds(struct rpki_cache *cache)
 {
@@ -623,6 +658,7 @@ rpki_close_connection(struct rpki_cache *cache)
 {
   CACHE_TRACE(D_EVENTS, cache, "Closing a connection");
   rpki_tr_close(cache->tr_sock);
+  rpki_stop_refresh(cache->p);
   proto_notify_state(&cache->p->p, PS_START);
 }
 
diff --git a/proto/rpki/rpki.h b/proto/rpki/rpki.h
index 26fbb46e..20253844 100644
--- a/proto/rpki/rpki.h
+++ b/proto/rpki/rpki.h
@@ -83,6 +83,8 @@ const char *rpki_cache_state_to_str(enum rpki_cache_state state);
 void rpki_table_add_roa(struct rpki_cache *cache, struct channel *channel, const net_addr_union *pfxr);
 void rpki_table_remove_roa(struct rpki_cache *cache, struct channel *channel, const net_addr_union *pfxr);
 
+void rpki_start_refresh(struct rpki_proto *p);
+void rpki_stop_refresh(struct rpki_proto *p);
 
 /*
  *	RPKI Protocol Logic
diff --git a/proto/rpki/ssh_transport.c b/proto/rpki/ssh_transport.c
index 6333f367..223afa80 100644
--- a/proto/rpki/ssh_transport.c
+++ b/proto/rpki/ssh_transport.c
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ rpki_tr_ssh_open(struct rpki_tr_sock *tr)
   if (sk_open(sk) != 0)
     return RPKI_TR_ERROR;
 
+  sk_start(sk);
+
   return RPKI_TR_SUCCESS;
 }
 
diff --git a/proto/rpki/tcp_transport.c b/proto/rpki/tcp_transport.c
index 132f8e2d..4e850c44 100644
--- a/proto/rpki/tcp_transport.c
+++ b/proto/rpki/tcp_transport.c
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ rpki_tr_tcp_open(struct rpki_tr_sock *tr)
   if (sk_open(sk) != 0)
     return RPKI_TR_ERROR;
 
+  sk_start(sk);
+
   return RPKI_TR_SUCCESS;
 }
 
diff --git a/proto/rpki/transport.c b/proto/rpki/transport.c
index 81bd6dd8..4026fca4 100644
--- a/proto/rpki/transport.c
+++ b/proto/rpki/transport.c
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ rpki_tr_open(struct rpki_tr_sock *tr)
   sk->rbsize = RPKI_RX_BUFFER_SIZE;
   sk->tbsize = RPKI_TX_BUFFER_SIZE;
   sk->tos = IP_PREC_INTERNET_CONTROL;
+  sk->flags |= SKF_THREAD;
   sk->vrf = cache->p->p.vrf;
 
   if (ipa_zero(sk->daddr) && sk->host)
@@ -120,6 +121,7 @@ rpki_tr_close(struct rpki_tr_sock *tr)
 
   if (tr->sk)
   {
+    sk_stop(tr->sk);
     rfree(tr->sk);
     tr->sk = NULL;
   }
diff --git a/proto/static/Makefile b/proto/static/Makefile
index 26aed31f..de6e819b 100644
--- a/proto/static/Makefile
+++ b/proto/static/Makefile
@@ -2,6 +2,5 @@ src := static.c
 obj := $(src-o-files)
 $(all-daemon)
 $(cf-local)
-$(call proto-build,static_build)
 
 tests_objs := $(tests_objs) $(src-o-files)
diff --git a/proto/static/static.c b/proto/static/static.c
index cb764a1c..42fd20b7 100644
--- a/proto/static/static.c
+++ b/proto/static/static.c
@@ -494,7 +494,12 @@ static_start(struct proto *P)
   proto_notify_state(P, PS_UP);
 
   WALK_LIST(r, cf->routes)
+  {
+    struct lp_state lps;
+    lp_save(tmp_linpool, &lps);
     static_add_rte(p, r);
+    lp_restore(tmp_linpool, &lps);
+  }
 
   return PS_UP;
 }
diff --git a/sysdep/unix/Makefile b/sysdep/unix/Makefile
index 3f1a8b3a..6f6b0d26 100644
--- a/sysdep/unix/Makefile
+++ b/sysdep/unix/Makefile
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@ src := alloc.c io.c io-loop.c krt.c log.c main.c random.c domain.c
 obj := $(src-o-files)
 $(all-daemon)
 $(cf-local)
-$(call proto-build,kif_build)
-$(call proto-build,krt_build)
 $(conf-y-targets): $(s)krt.Y
 
 src := $(filter-out main.c, $(src))
diff --git a/sysdep/unix/alloc.c b/sysdep/unix/alloc.c
index a2384ca8..847def30 100644
--- a/sysdep/unix/alloc.c
+++ b/sysdep/unix/alloc.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "lib/resource.h"
 #include "lib/lists.h"
 #include "lib/event.h"
+#include "lib/rcu.h"
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
@@ -22,46 +23,43 @@
 long page_size = 0;
 
 #ifdef HAVE_MMAP
-#define KEEP_PAGES_MAIN_MAX	256
-#define KEEP_PAGES_MAIN_MIN	8
-#define CLEANUP_PAGES_BULK	256
+#define KEEP_PAGES_MAX	512
+#define KEEP_PAGES_MIN	32
+#define KEEP_PAGES_MAX_LOCAL	16
+#define ALLOC_PAGES_AT_ONCE	8
 
-STATIC_ASSERT(KEEP_PAGES_MAIN_MIN * 4 < KEEP_PAGES_MAIN_MAX);
+STATIC_ASSERT(KEEP_PAGES_MIN * 4 < KEEP_PAGES_MAX);
+STATIC_ASSERT(ALLOC_PAGES_AT_ONCE < KEEP_PAGES_MAX_LOCAL);
 
 static _Bool use_fake = 0;
+static _Bool initialized = 0;
 
 #if DEBUGGING
 struct free_page {
   node unused[42];
-  node n;
+  struct free_page * _Atomic next;
 };
 #else
 struct free_page {
-  node n;
+  struct free_page * _Atomic next;
 };
 #endif
 
-struct free_pages {
-  list pages;
-  u16 min, max;		/* Minimal and maximal number of free pages kept */
-  uint cnt;		/* Number of empty pages */
-  event cleanup;
-};
+static struct free_page * _Atomic page_stack = NULL;
+static _Thread_local struct free_page * local_page_stack = NULL;
 
-static void global_free_pages_cleanup_event(void *);
+static void page_cleanup(void *);
+static event page_cleanup_event = { .hook = page_cleanup, };
+#define SCHEDULE_CLEANUP  do if (initialized && !shutting_down) ev_send(&global_event_list, &page_cleanup_event); while (0)
 
-static struct free_pages global_free_pages = {
-  .min = KEEP_PAGES_MAIN_MIN,
-  .max = KEEP_PAGES_MAIN_MAX,
-  .cleanup = { .hook = global_free_pages_cleanup_event },
-};
-
-uint *pages_kept = &global_free_pages.cnt;
+_Atomic int pages_kept = 0;
+_Atomic int pages_kept_locally = 0;
+static int pages_kept_here = 0;
 
 static void *
 alloc_sys_page(void)
 {
-  void *ptr = mmap(NULL, page_size, PROT_WRITE | PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
+  void *ptr = mmap(NULL, page_size * ALLOC_PAGES_AT_ONCE, PROT_WRITE | PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
 
   if (ptr == MAP_FAILED)
     bug("mmap(%lu) failed: %m", page_size);
@@ -90,20 +88,33 @@ alloc_page(void)
   }
 
 #ifdef HAVE_MMAP
-  struct free_pages *fps = &global_free_pages;
-
-  if (fps->cnt)
+  struct free_page *fp = local_page_stack;
+  if (fp)
   {
-    struct free_page *fp = SKIP_BACK(struct free_page, n, HEAD(fps->pages));
-    rem_node(&fp->n);
-    if ((--fps->cnt < fps->min) && !shutting_down)
-      ev_send(&global_work_list, &fps->cleanup);
-
-    bzero(fp, page_size);
+    local_page_stack = atomic_load_explicit(&fp->next, memory_order_acquire);
+    atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(&pages_kept_locally, 1, memory_order_relaxed);
+    pages_kept_here--;
     return fp;
   }
 
-  return alloc_sys_page();
+  rcu_read_lock();
+  fp = atomic_load_explicit(&page_stack, memory_order_acquire);
+  while (fp && !atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(
+	&page_stack, &fp, atomic_load_explicit(&fp->next, memory_order_acquire),
+	memory_order_acq_rel, memory_order_acquire))
+    ;
+  rcu_read_unlock();
+
+  if (!fp)
+  {
+    void *ptr = alloc_sys_page();
+    for (int i=1; i<ALLOC_PAGES_AT_ONCE; i++)
+      free_page(ptr + page_size * i);
+    return ptr;
+  }
+
+  atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(&pages_kept, 1, memory_order_relaxed);
+  return fp;
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -117,45 +128,95 @@ free_page(void *ptr)
   }
 
 #ifdef HAVE_MMAP
-  struct free_pages *fps = &global_free_pages;
   struct free_page *fp = ptr;
+  if (shutting_down || (pages_kept_here < KEEP_PAGES_MAX_LOCAL))
+  {
+    atomic_store_explicit(&fp->next, local_page_stack, memory_order_relaxed);
+    atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&pages_kept_locally, 1, memory_order_relaxed);
+    pages_kept_here++;
+    return;
+  }
 
-  fp->n = (node) {};
-  add_tail(&fps->pages, &fp->n);
+  rcu_read_lock();
+  struct free_page *next = atomic_load_explicit(&page_stack, memory_order_acquire);
 
-  if ((++fps->cnt > fps->max) && !shutting_down)
-    ev_send(&global_work_list, &fps->cleanup);
+  do atomic_store_explicit(&fp->next, next, memory_order_release);
+  while (!atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(
+	&page_stack, &next, fp,
+	memory_order_acq_rel, memory_order_acquire));
+  rcu_read_unlock();
+
+  if (atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&pages_kept, 1, memory_order_relaxed) >= KEEP_PAGES_MAX)
+    SCHEDULE_CLEANUP;
 #endif
 }
 
+void
+flush_local_pages(void)
+{
+  if (use_fake || !local_page_stack || shutting_down)
+    return;
+
+  struct free_page *last = local_page_stack, *next;
+  int check_count = 1;
+  while (next = atomic_load_explicit(&last->next, memory_order_acquire))
+  {
+    check_count++;
+    last = next;
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_DIE(check_count == pages_kept_here);
+
+  rcu_read_lock();
+  next = atomic_load_explicit(&page_stack, memory_order_acquire);
+
+  do atomic_store_explicit(&last->next, next, memory_order_release);
+  while (!atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(
+	&page_stack, &next, local_page_stack,
+	memory_order_acq_rel, memory_order_acquire));
+  rcu_read_unlock();
+
+  local_page_stack = NULL;
+  pages_kept_here = 0;
+
+  atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(&pages_kept_locally, check_count, memory_order_relaxed);
+  if (atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&pages_kept, check_count, memory_order_relaxed) >= KEEP_PAGES_MAX)
+    SCHEDULE_CLEANUP;
+}
+
 #ifdef HAVE_MMAP
 static void
-global_free_pages_cleanup_event(void *data UNUSED)
+page_cleanup(void *_ UNUSED)
 {
   if (shutting_down)
     return;
 
-  struct free_pages *fps = &global_free_pages;
+  struct free_page *stack = atomic_exchange_explicit(&page_stack, NULL, memory_order_acq_rel);
+  if (!stack)
+    return;
 
-  while (fps->cnt / 2 < fps->min)
-  {
-    struct free_page *fp = alloc_sys_page();
-    fp->n = (node) {};
-    add_tail(&fps->pages, &fp->n);
-    fps->cnt++;
-  }
+  synchronize_rcu();
 
-  for (uint seen = 0; (seen < CLEANUP_PAGES_BULK) && (fps->cnt > fps->max / 2); seen++)
-  {
-    struct free_page *fp = SKIP_BACK(struct free_page, n, TAIL(fps->pages));
-    rem_node(&fp->n);
+  do {
+    struct free_page *f = stack;
+    stack = atomic_load_explicit(&f->next, memory_order_acquire);
 
-    if (munmap(fp, page_size) == 0)
-      fps->cnt--;
-    else if (errno == ENOMEM)
-      add_head(&fps->pages, &fp->n);
+    if (munmap(f, page_size) == 0)
+      continue;
+    else if (errno != ENOMEM)
+      bug("munmap(%p) failed: %m", f);
     else
-      bug("munmap(%p) failed: %m", fp);
+      free_page(f);
+  }
+  while ((atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(&pages_kept, 1, memory_order_relaxed) >= KEEP_PAGES_MAX / 2) && stack);
+
+  while (stack)
+  {
+    struct free_page *f = stack;
+    stack = atomic_load_explicit(&f->next, memory_order_acquire);
+    free_page(f);
+
+    atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(&pages_kept, 1, memory_order_relaxed);
   }
 }
 #endif
@@ -164,17 +225,17 @@ void
 resource_sys_init(void)
 {
 #ifdef HAVE_MMAP
-  ASSERT_DIE(global_free_pages.cnt == 0);
-
   if (!(page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)))
     die("System page size must be non-zero");
 
   if (u64_popcount(page_size) == 1)
   {
-    struct free_pages *fps = &global_free_pages;
 
-    init_list(&fps->pages);
-    global_free_pages_cleanup_event(NULL);
+    for (int i = 0; i < (KEEP_PAGES_MIN * 2); i++)
+      free_page(alloc_page());
+
+    page_cleanup(NULL);
+    initialized = 1;
     return;
   }
 
@@ -184,4 +245,5 @@ resource_sys_init(void)
 #endif
 
   page_size = 4096;
+  initialized = 1;
 }
diff --git a/sysdep/unix/io-loop.c b/sysdep/unix/io-loop.c
index 3e3fc31a..dbca36e9 100644
--- a/sysdep/unix/io-loop.c
+++ b/sysdep/unix/io-loop.c
@@ -59,78 +59,138 @@ birdloop_inside(struct birdloop *loop)
   return 0;
 }
 
+void
+birdloop_flag(struct birdloop *loop, u32 flag)
+{
+  atomic_fetch_or_explicit(&loop->flags, flag, memory_order_acq_rel);
+  birdloop_ping(loop);
+}
+
+void
+birdloop_flag_set_handler(struct birdloop *loop, struct birdloop_flag_handler *fh)
+{
+  ASSERT_DIE(birdloop_inside(loop));
+  loop->flag_handler = fh;
+}
+
+static int
+birdloop_process_flags(struct birdloop *loop)
+{
+  if (!loop->flag_handler)
+    return 0;
+
+  u32 flags = atomic_exchange_explicit(&loop->flags, 0, memory_order_acq_rel);
+  loop->flag_handler->hook(loop->flag_handler, flags);
+  return !!flags;
+}
+
+static int
+birdloop_run_events(struct birdloop *loop)
+{
+  btime begin = current_time();
+  while (current_time() - begin < 5 MS)
+  {
+    if (!ev_run_list(&loop->event_list))
+      return 0;
+
+    times_update();
+  }
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
 /*
  *	Wakeup code for birdloop
  */
 
-static void
-pipe_new(int *pfds)
+void
+pipe_new(struct pipe *p)
 {
-  int rv = pipe(pfds);
+  int rv = pipe(p->fd);
   if (rv < 0)
     die("pipe: %m");
 
-  if (fcntl(pfds[0], F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) < 0)
+  if (fcntl(p->fd[0], F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) < 0)
     die("fcntl(O_NONBLOCK): %m");
 
-  if (fcntl(pfds[1], F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) < 0)
+  if (fcntl(p->fd[1], F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) < 0)
     die("fcntl(O_NONBLOCK): %m");
 }
 
 void
-pipe_drain(int fd)
+pipe_drain(struct pipe *p)
 {
-  char buf[64];
-  int rv;
-  
- try:
-  rv = read(fd, buf, 64);
-  if (rv < 0)
-  {
-    if (errno == EINTR)
-      goto try;
-    if (errno == EAGAIN)
+  while (1) {
+    char buf[64];
+    int rv = read(p->fd[0], buf, sizeof(buf));
+    if ((rv < 0) && (errno == EAGAIN))
       return;
-    die("wakeup read: %m");
+
+    if (rv == 0)
+      bug("wakeup read eof");
+    if ((rv < 0) && (errno != EINTR))
+      bug("wakeup read: %m");
+  }
+}
+
+int
+pipe_read_one(struct pipe *p)
+{
+  while (1) {
+    char v;
+    int rv = read(p->fd[0], &v, sizeof(v));
+    if (rv == 1)
+      return 1;
+    if ((rv < 0) && (errno == EAGAIN))
+      return 0;
+    if (rv > 1)
+      bug("wakeup read more bytes than expected: %d", rv);
+    if (rv == 0)
+      bug("wakeup read eof");
+    if (errno != EINTR)
+      bug("wakeup read: %m");
   }
-  if (rv == 64)
-    goto try;
 }
 
 void
-pipe_kick(int fd)
+pipe_kick(struct pipe *p)
 {
-  u64 v = 1;
+  char v = 1;
   int rv;
 
- try:
-  rv = write(fd, &v, sizeof(u64));
-  if (rv < 0)
-  {
-    if (errno == EINTR)
-      goto try;
-    if (errno == EAGAIN)
+  while (1) {
+    rv = write(p->fd[1], &v, sizeof(v));
+    if ((rv >= 0) || (errno == EAGAIN)) 
       return;
-    die("wakeup write: %m");
+    if (errno != EINTR)
+      bug("wakeup write: %m");
   }
 }
 
+void
+pipe_pollin(struct pipe *p, struct pollfd *pfd)
+{
+  pfd->fd = p->fd[0];
+  pfd->events = POLLIN;
+  pfd->revents = 0;
+}
+
 static inline void
 wakeup_init(struct birdloop *loop)
 {
-  pipe_new(loop->wakeup_fds);
+  pipe_new(&loop->wakeup);
 }
 
 static inline void
 wakeup_drain(struct birdloop *loop)
 {
-  pipe_drain(loop->wakeup_fds[0]);
+  pipe_drain(&loop->wakeup);
 }
 
 static inline void
 wakeup_do_kick(struct birdloop *loop)
 {
-  pipe_kick(loop->wakeup_fds[1]);
+  pipe_kick(&loop->wakeup);
 }
 
 static inline void
@@ -259,9 +319,7 @@ sockets_prepare(struct birdloop *loop)
 
   /* Add internal wakeup fd */
   *psk = NULL;
-  pfd->fd = loop->wakeup_fds[0];
-  pfd->events = POLLIN;
-  pfd->revents = 0;
+  pipe_pollin(&loop->wakeup, pfd);
 
   loop->poll_changed = 0;
 }
@@ -516,7 +574,7 @@ birdloop_main(void *arg)
   while (1)
   {
     timers_fire(&loop->time, 0);
-    if (ev_run_list(&loop->event_list))
+    if (birdloop_process_flags(loop) + birdloop_run_events(loop))
       timeout = 0;
     else if (t = timers_first(&loop->time))
       timeout = (tm_remains(t) TO_MS) + 1;
@@ -525,6 +583,9 @@ birdloop_main(void *arg)
 
     if (loop->poll_changed)
       sockets_prepare(loop);
+    else
+      if ((timeout < 0) || (timeout > 5000))
+	flush_local_pages();
 
     btime duration = current_time() - loop_begin;
     if (duration > config->watchdog_warning)
@@ -560,14 +621,18 @@ birdloop_main(void *arg)
   /* Flush remaining events */
   ASSERT_DIE(!ev_run_list(&loop->event_list));
 
-  /* No timers allowed */
-  ASSERT_DIE(timers_count(&loop->time) == 0);
+  /* Drop timers */
+  while (t = timers_first(&loop->time))
+    tm_stop(t);
+
+  /* No sockets allowed */
   ASSERT_DIE(EMPTY_LIST(loop->sock_list));
   ASSERT_DIE(loop->sock_num == 0);
 
   birdloop_leave(loop);
   loop->stopped(loop->stop_data);
 
+  flush_local_pages();
   return NULL;
 }
 
diff --git a/sysdep/unix/io-loop.h b/sysdep/unix/io-loop.h
index 31c40459..29ca96d6 100644
--- a/sysdep/unix/io-loop.h
+++ b/sysdep/unix/io-loop.h
@@ -9,6 +9,16 @@
 
 #include "lib/rcu.h"
 
+struct pipe
+{
+  int fd[2];
+};
+
+void pipe_new(struct pipe *);
+void pipe_pollin(struct pipe *, struct pollfd *);
+void pipe_drain(struct pipe *);
+void pipe_kick(struct pipe *);
+
 struct birdloop
 {
   pool *pool;
@@ -25,7 +35,7 @@ struct birdloop
 
   uint ping_pending;
   _Atomic u32 ping_sent;
-  int wakeup_fds[2];
+  struct pipe wakeup;
 
   pthread_t thread_id;
   pthread_attr_t thread_attr;
@@ -34,6 +44,9 @@ struct birdloop
 
   uint links;
 
+  _Atomic u32 flags;
+  struct birdloop_flag_handler *flag_handler;
+
   void (*stopped)(void *data);
   void *stop_data;
 
diff --git a/sysdep/unix/io.c b/sysdep/unix/io.c
index 23baffb2..6454f15f 100644
--- a/sysdep/unix/io.c
+++ b/sysdep/unix/io.c
@@ -2213,8 +2213,6 @@ static int short_loops = 0;
 #define SHORT_LOOP_MAX 10
 #define WORK_EVENTS_MAX 10
 
-void pipe_drain(int fd);
-
 void
 io_loop(void)
 {
@@ -2246,8 +2244,7 @@ io_loop(void)
       }
 
       /* A hack to reload main io_loop() when something has changed asynchronously. */
-      pfd[0].fd = main_birdloop.wakeup_fds[0];
-      pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
+      pipe_pollin(&main_birdloop.wakeup, &pfd[0]);
 
       nfds = 1;
 
@@ -2325,7 +2322,7 @@ io_loop(void)
 	  if (pfd[0].revents & POLLIN)
 	  {
 	    /* IO loop reload requested */
-	    pipe_drain(main_birdloop.wakeup_fds[0]);
+	    pipe_drain(&main_birdloop.wakeup);
 	    atomic_exchange_explicit(&main_birdloop.ping_sent, 0, memory_order_acq_rel);
 	    continue;
 	  }
diff --git a/test/birdtest.h b/test/birdtest.h
index ad5f8f9c..b8978b3e 100644
--- a/test/birdtest.h
+++ b/test/birdtest.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ static inline u64 bt_random(void)
 void bt_log_suite_result(int result, const char *fmt, ...);
 void bt_log_suite_case_result(int result, const char *fmt, ...);
 
-#define BT_TIMEOUT 			5	/* Default timeout in seconds */
+#define BT_TIMEOUT 			20	/* Default timeout in seconds */
 #define BT_FORKING 			1	/* Forking is enabled in default */
 
 #define BT_RANDOM_SEED 			0x5097d2bb