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Doc: Documentation update

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Ondrej Zajicek (work) 2017-12-10 22:47:38 +01:00
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@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ supports:
<item>the Border Gateway Protocol (BGPv4) <item>the Border Gateway Protocol (BGPv4)
<item>the Routing Information Protocol (RIPv2, RIPng) <item>the Routing Information Protocol (RIPv2, RIPng)
<item>the Open Shortest Path First protocol (OSPFv2, OSPFv3) <item>the Open Shortest Path First protocol (OSPFv2, OSPFv3)
<item>the Babel Routing Protocol
<item>the Router Advertisements for IPv6 hosts <item>the Router Advertisements for IPv6 hosts
<item>a virtual protocol for exchange of routes between different <item>a virtual protocol for exchange of routes between different
routing tables on a single host routing tables on a single host
@ -228,17 +229,17 @@ default tables -- <cf/master4/ for IPv4 routes and <cf/master6/ for IPv6 routes.
Other tables must be explicitly configured. Other tables must be explicitly configured.
<p> <p>
These routing tables are not kernel forwarding tables. No forwarding is done in BIRD. These routing tables are not kernel forwarding tables. No forwarding is done by
If you want to forward packets using the routes in BIRD's tables, you may BIRD. If you want to forward packets using the routes in BIRD tables, you may
use the Kernel protocol (see below) to synchronize them with kernel's FIBs. use the Kernel protocol (see below) to synchronize them with kernel FIBs.
<p> <p>
Every nettype defines a (kind of) primary key on routes. Every route source Every nettype defines a (kind of) primary key on routes. Every route source can
can supply one route for every possible primary key; new route announcement supply one route for every possible primary key; new route announcement replaces
replaces the old route from the same source, keeping other routes intact. the old route from the same source, keeping other routes intact. BIRD always
BIRD always chooses the best route for every primary key among the known chooses the best route for each primary key among the known routes and keeps the
routes and keeps the others as suboptimal. When the best route is retracted, others as suboptimal. When the best route is retracted, BIRD re-runs the best
BIRD re-runs the best route selection algorithm to find the current best route. route selection algorithm to find the current best route.
<p> <p>
The global best route selection algorithm is (roughly) as follows: The global best route selection algorithm is (roughly) as follows:
@ -246,12 +247,12 @@ The global best route selection algorithm is (roughly) as follows:
<itemize> <itemize>
<item>Preferences of the routes are compared. <item>Preferences of the routes are compared.
<item>Source protocol instance preferences are compared. <item>Source protocol instance preferences are compared.
<item>If source protocols are different (e.g. BGP vs. OSPF), result of the algorithm is undefined.
<item>If source protocols are the same (e.g. BGP vs. BGP), the protocol's route selection algorithm is invoked. <item>If source protocols are the same (e.g. BGP vs. BGP), the protocol's route selection algorithm is invoked.
<item>If source protocols are different (e.g. BGP vs. OSPF), result of the algorithm is undefined.
</itemize> </itemize>
<p><label id="dsc-table-sorted">Usually, a routing table just chooses a selected route <p><label id="dsc-table-sorted">Usually, a routing table just chooses a selected
from a list of entries for one network. But if the <cf/sorted/ option is route from a list of entries for one network. But if the <cf/sorted/ option is
activated, these lists of entries are kept completely sorted (according to activated, these lists of entries are kept completely sorted (according to
preference or some protocol-dependent metric). This is needed for some features preference or some protocol-dependent metric). This is needed for some features
of some protocols (e.g. <cf/secondary/ option of BGP protocol, which allows to of some protocols (e.g. <cf/secondary/ option of BGP protocol, which allows to
@ -267,9 +268,11 @@ is that it is slightly more computationally expensive.
<p>BIRD works with several types of routes. Some of them are typical IP routes, <p>BIRD works with several types of routes. Some of them are typical IP routes,
others are better described as forwarding rules. We call them all routes, others are better described as forwarding rules. We call them all routes,
regardless on this difference. regardless of this difference.
<p>Every route consists of several attributes (read more about them in the <ref id="route-attributes" name="Route attributes"> section); the common for all routes are: <p>Every route consists of several attributes (read more about them in the
<ref id="route-attributes" name="Route attributes"> section); the common for all
routes are:
<itemize> <itemize>
<item>IP address of router which told us about this route <item>IP address of router which told us about this route
@ -281,7 +284,7 @@ regardless on this difference.
<p>Other attributes depend on nettypes. Some of them are part of the primary key, these are marked (PK). <p>Other attributes depend on nettypes. Some of them are part of the primary key, these are marked (PK).
<sect1>IPv4 and IPv6 routes <sect1>IPv4 and IPv6 routes
<label id="ipv4-ipv6-routes"> <label id="ip-routes">
<p>The traditional routes. Configuration keywords are <cf/ipv4/ and <cf/ipv6/. <p>The traditional routes. Configuration keywords are <cf/ipv4/ and <cf/ipv6/.
@ -291,7 +294,7 @@ regardless on this difference.
</itemize> </itemize>
<sect1>VPN IPv4 and IPv6 routes <sect1>VPN IPv4 and IPv6 routes
<label id="vpn4-vpn6-routes"> <label id="vpn-routes">
<p>Routes for IPv4 and IPv6 with VPN Route Distinguisher (<rfc id="4364">). <p>Routes for IPv4 and IPv6 with VPN Route Distinguisher (<rfc id="4364">).
Configuration keywords are <cf/vpn4/ and <cf/vpn6/. Configuration keywords are <cf/vpn4/ and <cf/vpn6/.
@ -303,10 +306,10 @@ Configuration keywords are <cf/vpn4/ and <cf/vpn6/.
</itemize> </itemize>
<sect1>Route Origin Authorization for IPv4 and IPv6 <sect1>Route Origin Authorization for IPv4 and IPv6
<label id="roa4-roa6-routes"> <label id="roa-routes">
<p>These entries can be used to validate route origination of BGP routes. <p>These entries can be used to validate route origination of BGP routes.
An ROA entry specifies prefixes which could be originated by an AS number. A ROA entry specifies prefixes which could be originated by an AS number.
Their keywords are <cf/roa4/ and <cf/roa6/. Their keywords are <cf/roa4/ and <cf/roa6/.
<itemize> <itemize>
@ -316,7 +319,7 @@ Their keywords are <cf/roa4/ and <cf/roa6/.
</itemize> </itemize>
<sect1>Flowspec for IPv4 and IPv6 <sect1>Flowspec for IPv4 and IPv6
<label id="flow4-flow6-routes"> <label id="flow-routes">
<p>Flowspec rules are a form of firewall and traffic flow control rules <p>Flowspec rules are a form of firewall and traffic flow control rules
distributed mostly via BGP. These rules may help the operators stop various distributed mostly via BGP. These rules may help the operators stop various
@ -357,12 +360,12 @@ In that case, every next hop has also its weight.
<sect>Protocols and channels <sect>Protocols and channels
<label id="protocols-concept"> <label id="protocols-concept">
<p>BIRD's protocol is an abstract class of producers and consumers of the routes. <p>BIRD protocol is an abstract class of producers and consumers of the routes.
Each protocol may run in multiple instances and bind on one side to route Each protocol may run in multiple instances and bind on one side to route
tables via channels, on the other side to specified listen sockets (BGP), tables via channels, on the other side to specified listen sockets (BGP),
interfaces (Babel, OSPF, RIP), APIs (Kernel, Direct), or nothing (Static, Pipe). interfaces (Babel, OSPF, RIP), APIs (Kernel, Direct), or nothing (Static, Pipe).
<p>There are also two protocols which do not have any channels -- BFD and Device. <p>There are also two protocols that do not have any channels -- BFD and Device.
Both of them are kind of service for other protocols. Both of them are kind of service for other protocols.
<p>Each protocol is connected to a routing table through a channel. Some protocols <p>Each protocol is connected to a routing table through a channel. Some protocols
@ -439,12 +442,14 @@ protocol rip {
<p><descrip> <p><descrip>
<tag><label id="opt-include">include "<m/filename/";</tag> <tag><label id="opt-include">include "<m/filename/";</tag>
This statement causes inclusion of a new file. The <m/filename/ could also This statement causes inclusion of a new file. The <m/filename/ could
be a wildcard, in that case matching files are included in alphabetic also be a wildcard, in that case matching files are included in
order. The maximal depth is 8. Note that this statement can be used alphabetic order. The maximal depth is 8. Note that this statement can
anywhere in the config file, even inside other options, but always on the beginning of line. be used anywhere in the config file, even inside other options, but
In the following example, the first semicolon belongs to the <cf/include/, the second to <cf/ipv6 table/. always on the beginning of line. In the following example, the first
If the <file/tablename.conf/ contains exactly one token (the name of the table), this construction is correct: semicolon belongs to the <cf/include/, the second to <cf/ipv6 table/.
If the <file/tablename.conf/ contains exactly one token (the name of the
table), this construction is correct:
<code> <code>
ipv6 table ipv6 table
include "tablename.conf";; include "tablename.conf";;
@ -505,7 +510,7 @@ include "tablename.conf";;
<tag><label id="opt-function">function <m/name/ (<m/parameters/) <m/local variables/ { <m/commands/ }</tag> <tag><label id="opt-function">function <m/name/ (<m/parameters/) <m/local variables/ { <m/commands/ }</tag>
Define a function. You can learn more about functions in the following chapter. Define a function. You can learn more about functions in the following chapter.
<tag><label id="opt-protocol">protocol rip [|ng]|ospf [v2|v3]|bgp|<m/.../ [<m/name/ [from <m/name2/]] { <m>protocol options</m> }</tag> <tag><label id="opt-protocol">protocol rip|ospf|bgp|<m/.../ [<m/name/ [from <m/name2/]] { <m>protocol options</m> }</tag>
Define a protocol instance called <cf><m/name/</cf> (or with a name like Define a protocol instance called <cf><m/name/</cf> (or with a name like
"rip5" generated automatically if you don't specify any "rip5" generated automatically if you don't specify any
<cf><m/name/</cf>). You can learn more about configuring protocols in <cf><m/name/</cf>). You can learn more about configuring protocols in
@ -514,7 +519,7 @@ include "tablename.conf";;
<cf><m/name2/</cf> You can run more than one instance of most protocols <cf><m/name2/</cf> You can run more than one instance of most protocols
(like RIP or BGP). By default, no instances are configured. (like RIP or BGP). By default, no instances are configured.
<tag><label id="opt-template">template rip [|ng]|ospf [v2|v3]|bgp|<m/.../ [<m/name/ [from <m/name2/]] { <m>protocol options</m> }</tag> <tag><label id="opt-template">template rip|ospf|bgp|<m/.../ [<m/name/ [from <m/name2/]] { <m>protocol options</m> }</tag>
Define a protocol template instance called <m/name/ (or with a name like Define a protocol template instance called <m/name/ (or with a name like
"bgp1" generated automatically if you don't specify any <m/name/). "bgp1" generated automatically if you don't specify any <m/name/).
Protocol templates can be used to group common options when many Protocol templates can be used to group common options when many
@ -575,31 +580,17 @@ include "tablename.conf";;
<cf/log/ times. <cf/log/ times.
<tag><label id="opt-table"><m/nettype/ table <m/name/ [sorted]</tag> <tag><label id="opt-table"><m/nettype/ table <m/name/ [sorted]</tag>
Create a new routing table. The default routing tables <cf/master4/ and <cf/master6/ are created Create a new routing table. The default routing tables <cf/master4/ and
implicitly, other routing tables have to be added by this command. <cf/master6/ are created implicitly, other routing tables have to be
Option <cf/sorted/ can be used to enable sorting of routes, see added by this command. Option <cf/sorted/ can be used to enable sorting
<ref id="dsc-table-sorted" name="sorted table"> description for details. of routes, see <ref id="dsc-table-sorted" name="sorted table">
description for details.
<!--
<tag><label id="opt-roa-table">roa table <m/name/ [ { <m/roa table options .../ } ]</tag>
Create a new ROA (Route Origin Authorization) table. ROA tables can be
used to validate route origination of BGP routes. A ROA table contains
ROA entries, each consist of a network prefix, a max prefix length and
an AS number. A ROA entry specifies prefixes which could be originated
by that AS number. ROA tables could be filled with data from RPKI (<rfc
id="6480">) or from public databases like Whois. ROA tables are
examined by <cf/roa_check()/ operator in filters.
Currently, there is just one option, <cf>roa <m/prefix/ max <m/num/ as
<m/num/</cf>, which can be used to populate the ROA table with static
ROA entries. The option may be used multiple times. Other entries can be
added dynamically by <cf/add roa/ command.
-->
<tag><label id="opt-eval">eval <m/expr/</tag> <tag><label id="opt-eval">eval <m/expr/</tag>
Evaluates given filter expression. It is used by the developers for testing of filters. Evaluates given filter expression. It is used by the developers for testing of filters.
</descrip> </descrip>
<sect>Protocol options <sect>Protocol options
<label id="protocol-opts"> <label id="protocol-opts">
@ -614,10 +605,6 @@ disable it. An empty <m/switch/ is equivalent to <cf/on/ ("silence means
agreement"). agreement").
<descrip> <descrip>
<tag><label id="proto-preference">preference <m/expr/</tag>
Sets the preference of routes generated by this protocol. Default:
protocol dependent.
<tag><label id="proto-disabled">disabled <m/switch/</tag> <tag><label id="proto-disabled">disabled <m/switch/</tag>
Disables the protocol. You can change the disable/enable status from the Disables the protocol. You can change the disable/enable status from the
command line interface without needing to touch the configuration. command line interface without needing to touch the configuration.
@ -662,9 +649,10 @@ agreement").
multihop BGP. multihop BGP.
<tag><label id="proto-channel"><m/channel name/ [{<m/channel config/}]</tag> <tag><label id="proto-channel"><m/channel name/ [{<m/channel config/}]</tag>
Every channel must be explicitly stated. See the protocol-specific configuration Every channel must be explicitly stated. See the protocol-specific
for the list of supported channel names. configuration for the list of supported channel names. See the
See the <ref id="channel-opts" name="channel configuration section"> for channel definition. <ref id="channel-opts" name="channel configuration section"> for channel
definition.
</descrip> </descrip>
<p>There are several options that give sense only with certain protocols: <p>There are several options that give sense only with certain protocols:
@ -693,7 +681,7 @@ agreement").
options, in that case for given interface the first matching interface options, in that case for given interface the first matching interface
option is used. option is used.
This option is allowed in Babel, BFD, Direct, OSPF, RAdv and RIP This option is allowed in Babel, BFD, Device, Direct, OSPF, RAdv and RIP
protocols. In OSPF protocol it is used in the <cf/area/ subsection. protocols. In OSPF protocol it is used in the <cf/area/ subsection.
Default: none. Default: none.
@ -782,16 +770,22 @@ agreement").
</descrip> </descrip>
<sect>Channel options <sect>Channel options
<label id="channel-opts"> <label id="channel-opts">
<p>Every channel belongs to a protocol and is configured inside its block. The <p>Every channel belongs to a protocol and is configured inside its block. The
minimal channel config is empty, then it uses the default values. minimal channel config is empty, then it uses the default values. The name of
The channel's name implies its nettype. the channel implies its nettype.
<descrip> <descrip>
<tag><label id="proto-table">table <m/name/</tag> <tag><label id="proto-table">table <m/name/</tag>
Connect this channel to a non-default routing table. Default Specify a table to which the channel is connected. Default: the first
table of given nettype.
<tag><label id="proto-preference">preference <m/expr/</tag>
Sets the preference of routes generated by the protocol and imported
through this channel. Default: protocol dependent.
<tag><label id="proto-import">import all | none | filter <m/name/ | filter { <m/filter commands/ } | where <m/boolean filter expression/</tag> <tag><label id="proto-import">import all | none | filter <m/name/ | filter { <m/filter commands/ } | where <m/boolean filter expression/</tag>
Specify a filter to be used for filtering routes coming from the Specify a filter to be used for filtering routes coming from the
@ -1187,14 +1181,13 @@ foot).
a shell pattern (represented also as a string). a shell pattern (represented also as a string).
<tag><label id="type-ip">ip</tag> <tag><label id="type-ip">ip</tag>
This type can hold a single IP address. The IPv4 addresses are stored This type can hold a single IP address. The IPv4 addresses are stored as
as IPv4-Mapped IPv6 addresses so one data type for both of them is used. IPv4-Mapped IPv6 addresses so one data type for both of them is used.
Whether the address is IPv4 or not may be checked by Whether the address is IPv4 or not may be checked by <cf>.is_ip4</cf>
<cf>.is_ip4</cf> which returns <cf/bool/. which returns <cf/bool/. IP addresses are written in the standard
IP addresses are written in the standard notation notation (<cf/10.20.30.40/ or <cf/fec0:3:4::1/). You can apply special
(<cf/10.20.30.40/ or <cf/fec0:3:4::1/). You can apply special operator operator <cf>.mask(<M>num</M>)</cf> on values of type ip. It masks out
<cf>.mask(<M>num</M>)</cf> on values of type ip. It masks out all but all but first <cf><M>num</M></cf> bits from the IP address. So
first <cf><M>num</M></cf> bits from the IP address. So
<cf/1.2.3.4.mask(8) = 1.0.0.0/ is true. <cf/1.2.3.4.mask(8) = 1.0.0.0/ is true.
<tag><label id="type-prefix">prefix</tag> <tag><label id="type-prefix">prefix</tag>
@ -1207,8 +1200,8 @@ foot).
<cf/NET_IP4/ and <cf/NET_IP6/ prefixes hold an IP prefix. The literals <cf/NET_IP4/ and <cf/NET_IP6/ prefixes hold an IP prefix. The literals
are written as <cf><m/ipaddress//<m/pxlen/</cf>, are written as <cf><m/ipaddress//<m/pxlen/</cf>,
or <cf><m>ipaddress</m>/<m>netmask</m></cf>. There are two special or <cf><m>ipaddress</m>/<m>netmask</m></cf>. There are two special
operators on these: <cf/.ip/ which extracts the IP address from operators on these: <cf/.ip/ which extracts the IP address from the
the pair, and <cf/.len/, which separates prefix length from the pair. pair, and <cf/.len/, which separates prefix length from the pair.
So <cf>1.2.0.0/16.len = 16</cf> is true. So <cf>1.2.0.0/16.len = 16</cf> is true.
<cf/NET_VPN4/ and <cf/NET_VPN6/ prefixes hold an IP prefix with VPN <cf/NET_VPN4/ and <cf/NET_VPN6/ prefixes hold an IP prefix with VPN
@ -1225,7 +1218,8 @@ foot).
<cf/NET_FLOW4/ and <cf/NET_FLOW6/ hold an IP prefix together with a <cf/NET_FLOW4/ and <cf/NET_FLOW6/ hold an IP prefix together with a
flowspec rule. Filters currently don't support flowspec parsing. flowspec rule. Filters currently don't support flowspec parsing.
<cf/NET_MPLS/ holds a single MPLS label and its handling is currently not implemented. <cf/NET_MPLS/ holds a single MPLS label and its handling is currently
not implemented.
<tag><label id="type-vpnrd">vpnrd</tag> <tag><label id="type-vpnrd">vpnrd</tag>
This is a route distinguisher according to <rfc id="4364">. There are This is a route distinguisher according to <rfc id="4364">. There are
@ -1328,7 +1322,7 @@ foot).
<cf>192.168.0.0/16{16,24}</cf> and <cf>192.168.0.0/16 ge 24</cf> as <cf>192.168.0.0/16{16,24}</cf> and <cf>192.168.0.0/16 ge 24</cf> as
<cf>192.168.0.0/16{24,32}</cf>. <cf>192.168.0.0/16{24,32}</cf>.
It's possible to mix IPv4 and IPv6 prefixes/addresses in a prefix/ip set It is possible to mix IPv4 and IPv6 prefixes/addresses in a prefix/ip set
but its behavior may change between versions without any warning; don't do but its behavior may change between versions without any warning; don't do
it unless you are more than sure what you are doing. (Really, don't do it.) it unless you are more than sure what you are doing. (Really, don't do it.)
@ -1509,8 +1503,9 @@ clist for most purposes.
<descrip> <descrip>
<tag><label id="rta-net"><m/prefix/ net</tag> <tag><label id="rta-net"><m/prefix/ net</tag>
The network prefix or anything else the route is talking about. The network prefix or anything else the route is talking about. The
The primary key of the table. Read-only. (See the <ref id="routes" name="chapter about routes">.) primary key of the routing table. Read-only. (See the <ref id="routes"
name="chapter about routes">.)
<tag><label id="rta-scope"><m/enum/ scope</tag> <tag><label id="rta-scope"><m/enum/ scope</tag>
The scope of the route. Possible values: <cf/SCOPE_HOST/ for routes The scope of the route. Possible values: <cf/SCOPE_HOST/ for routes
@ -1638,8 +1633,8 @@ protocol babel [<name>] {
type <wired|wireless>; type <wired|wireless>;
rxcost <number>; rxcost <number>;
limit <number>; limit <number>;
hello interval <number>; hello interval <time>;
update interval <number>; update interval <time>;
port <number>; port <number>;
tx class|dscp <number>; tx class|dscp <number>;
tx priority <number>; tx priority <number>;
@ -1654,7 +1649,7 @@ protocol babel [<name>] {
<descrip> <descrip>
<tag><label id="babel-channel">ipv4|ipv6 <m/channel config/</tag> <tag><label id="babel-channel">ipv4|ipv6 <m/channel config/</tag>
The supported channels are IPv4 and IPv6. The supported channels are IPv4 and IPv6.
<tag><label id="babel-type">type wired|wireless </tag> <tag><label id="babel-type">type wired|wireless </tag>
This option specifies the interface type: Wired or wireless. On wired This option specifies the interface type: Wired or wireless. On wired
@ -1683,13 +1678,13 @@ protocol babel [<name>] {
type interfaces, where gradual cost degradation is used instead of sharp type interfaces, where gradual cost degradation is used instead of sharp
limit. Default: 12. limit. Default: 12.
<tag><label id="babel-hello">hello interval <m/num/</tag> <tag><label id="babel-hello">hello interval <m/time/ s|ms</tag>
Interval at which periodic Hello messages are sent on this interface, Interval at which periodic Hello messages are sent on this interface,
in seconds. Default: 4 seconds. with time units. Default: 4 seconds.
<tag><label id="babel-update">update interval <m/num/</tag> <tag><label id="babel-update">update interval <m/time/ s|ms</tag>
Interval at which periodic (full) updates are sent. Default: 4 times the Interval at which periodic (full) updates are sent, with time
hello interval. units. Default: 4 times the hello interval.
<tag><label id="babel-port">port <m/number/</tag> <tag><label id="babel-port">port <m/number/</tag>
This option selects an UDP port to operate on. The default is to operate This option selects an UDP port to operate on. The default is to operate
@ -1722,9 +1717,7 @@ protocol babel [<name>] {
<tag><label id="babel-next-hop-ipv4">next hop ipv4 <m/address/</tag> <tag><label id="babel-next-hop-ipv4">next hop ipv4 <m/address/</tag>
Set the next hop address advertised for IPv4 routes advertised on this Set the next hop address advertised for IPv4 routes advertised on this
interface. If not set, the first IPv4 address found on the interface will interface. Default: the preferred IPv4 address of the interface.
be used, so it should only be necessary to set this option if this
auto-detection fails or finds the wrong address.
<tag><label id="babel-next-hop-ipv6">next hop ipv6 <m/address/</tag> <tag><label id="babel-next-hop-ipv6">next hop ipv6 <m/address/</tag>
Set the next hop address advertised for IPv6 routes advertised on this Set the next hop address advertised for IPv6 routes advertised on this
@ -1771,8 +1764,10 @@ protocol babel {
<sect1>Known issues <sect1>Known issues
<label id="babel-issues"> <label id="babel-issues">
<p>When retracting a route, Babel sends instead an unreachable route for a little while (according to RFC). The <p>When retracting a route, Babel generates an unreachable route for a little
interaction of this behavior with other protocols is not well tested and strange things may happen. while (according to RFC). The interaction of this behavior with other protocols
is not well tested and strange things may happen.
<sect>BFD <sect>BFD
<label id="bfd"> <label id="bfd">
@ -2149,7 +2144,7 @@ using the following configuration parameters:
BIRD tracks the link state of the associated interface and when link BIRD tracks the link state of the associated interface and when link
disappears (e.g. an ethernet cable is unplugged), the BGP session is disappears (e.g. an ethernet cable is unplugged), the BGP session is
immediately shut down. Note that this option cannot be used with immediately shut down. Note that this option cannot be used with
multihop BGP. Default: disabled. multihop BGP. Default: enabled for direct BGP, disabled otherwise.
<tag><label id="bgp-bfd">bfd <M>switch</M></tag> <tag><label id="bgp-bfd">bfd <M>switch</M></tag>
BGP could use BFD protocol as an advisory mechanism for neighbor BGP could use BFD protocol as an advisory mechanism for neighbor
@ -2386,7 +2381,7 @@ using the following configuration parameters:
<tag><label id="bgp-igp-metric">igp metric <m/switch/</tag> <tag><label id="bgp-igp-metric">igp metric <m/switch/</tag>
Enable comparison of internal distances to boundary routers during best Enable comparison of internal distances to boundary routers during best
route selection. Default: on. route selection. Default: on.
<tag><label id="bgp-prefer-older">prefer older <m/switch/</tag> <tag><label id="bgp-prefer-older">prefer older <m/switch/</tag>
Standard route selection algorithm breaks ties by comparing router IDs. Standard route selection algorithm breaks ties by comparing router IDs.
@ -2601,10 +2596,9 @@ some of them (marked with `<tt/O/') are optional.
<p><code> <p><code>
protocol bgp { protocol bgp {
local as 65000; # Use a private AS number local 198.51.100.14 as 65000; # Use a private AS number
neighbor 198.51.100.130 as 64496; # Our neighbor ... neighbor 198.51.100.130 as 64496; # Our neighbor ...
multihop; # ... which is connected indirectly multihop; # ... which is connected indirectly
source address 198.51.100.14; # Use a non-standard source address
ipv4 { ipv4 {
export filter { # We use non-trivial export rules export filter { # We use non-trivial export rules
if source = RTS_STATIC then { # Export only static routes if source = RTS_STATIC then { # Export only static routes
@ -2655,7 +2649,6 @@ interfaces to be defined for them to work with.
<label id="device-config"> <label id="device-config">
<p><descrip> <p><descrip>
<tag><label id="device-scan-time">scan time <m/number/</tag> <tag><label id="device-scan-time">scan time <m/number/</tag>
Time in seconds between two scans of the network interface list. On Time in seconds between two scans of the network interface list. On
systems where we are notified about interface status changes systems where we are notified about interface status changes
@ -2663,19 +2656,26 @@ interfaces to be defined for them to work with.
list only in order to avoid confusion by lost notification messages, list only in order to avoid confusion by lost notification messages,
so the default time is set to a large value. so the default time is set to a large value.
<tag><label id="device-primary">primary [ "<m/mask/" ] <m/prefix/</tag> <tag><label id="device-iface">interface <m/pattern/ [, <m/.../]</tag>
If a network interface has more than one network address, BIRD has to
choose one of them as a primary one. By default, BIRD chooses the
lexicographically smallest address as the primary one.
This option allows to specify which network address should be chosen as By default, the Device protocol handles all interfaces without any
a primary one. Network addresses that match <m/prefix/ are preferred to configuration. Interface definitions allow to specify optional
non-matching addresses. If more <cf/primary/ options are used, the first parameters for specific interfaces. See <ref id="proto-iface"
one has the highest preference. If "<m/mask/" is specified, then such name="interface"> common option for detailed description. Currently only
<cf/primary/ option is relevant only to matching network interfaces. one interface option is available:
In all cases, an address marked by operating system as secondary cannot <tag><label id="device-preferred">preferred <m/ip/</tag>
be chosen as the primary one. If a network interface has more than one IP address, BIRD chooses one of
them as a preferred one. Preferred IP address is used as source address
for packets or announced next hop by routing protocols. Precisely, BIRD
chooses one preferred IPv4 address, one preferred IPv6 address and one
preferred link-local IPv6 address. By default, BIRD chooses the first
found IP address as the preferred one.
This option allows to specify which IP address should be preferred. May
be used multiple times for different address classes (IPv4, IPv6, IPv6
link-local). In all cases, an address marked by operating system as
secondary cannot be chosen as the primary one.
</descrip> </descrip>
<p>As the Device protocol doesn't generate any routes, it cannot have <p>As the Device protocol doesn't generate any routes, it cannot have
@ -2684,18 +2684,21 @@ any attributes. Example configuration looks like this:
<p><code> <p><code>
protocol device { protocol device {
scan time 10; # Scan the interfaces often scan time 10; # Scan the interfaces often
primary "eth0" 192.168.1.1; interface "eth0" {
primary 192.168.0.0/16; preferred 192.168.1.1;
preferred 2001:db8:1:10::1;
};
} }
</code> </code>
<sect>Direct <sect>Direct
<label id="direct"> <label id="direct">
<p>The Direct protocol is a simple generator of device routes for all the <p>The Direct protocol is a simple generator of device routes for all the
directly connected networks according to the list of interfaces provided by the directly connected networks according to the list of interfaces provided by the
kernel via the Device protocol. The Direct protocol supports IPv4 and IPv6 channels kernel via the Device protocol. The Direct protocol supports both IPv4 and IPv6
in any count. channels.
<p>The question is whether it is a good idea to have such device routes in BIRD <p>The question is whether it is a good idea to have such device routes in BIRD
routing table. OS kernel usually handles device routes for directly connected routing table. OS kernel usually handles device routes for directly connected
@ -2739,13 +2742,13 @@ on Linux systems BIRD cannot change non-BIRD route in the kernel routing table.
<p><code> <p><code>
protocol direct { protocol direct {
interface "-arc*", "*"; # Exclude the ARCnets
ipv4; ipv4;
ipv4 { table myothertable; };
ipv6; ipv6;
interface "-arc*", "*"; # Exclude the ARCnets
} }
</code> </code>
<sect>Kernel <sect>Kernel
<label id="krt"> <label id="krt">
@ -2778,8 +2781,9 @@ routing table, there are two limitations - it is not possible to connect more
kernel protocols to the same routing table and changing route destination kernel protocols to the same routing table and changing route destination
(gateway) in an export filter of a kernel protocol does not work. Both (gateway) in an export filter of a kernel protocol does not work. Both
limitations can be overcome using another routing table and the pipe protocol. limitations can be overcome using another routing table and the pipe protocol.
The Kernel protocol obviously supports only two channels -- IPv4 and IPv6; only
one of them can be configured in each protocol instance. <p>The Kernel protocol supports both IPv4 and IPv6 channels; only one of them
can be configured in each protocol instance.
<sect1>Configuration <sect1>Configuration
<label id="krt-config"> <label id="krt-config">
@ -2798,13 +2802,6 @@ one of them can be configured in each protocol instance.
routing daemons or by the system administrator. This is possible only on routing daemons or by the system administrator. This is possible only on
systems which support identification of route authorship. systems which support identification of route authorship.
<tag><label id="krt-device-routes">device routes <m/switch/</tag>
Enable export of device routes to the kernel routing table. By default,
such routes are rejected (with the exception of explicitly configured
device routes from the static protocol) regardless of the export filter
to protect device routes in kernel routing table (managed by OS itself)
from accidental overwriting or erasing.
<tag><label id="krt-kernel-table">kernel table <m/number/</tag> <tag><label id="krt-kernel-table">kernel table <m/number/</tag>
Select which kernel table should this particular instance of the Kernel Select which kernel table should this particular instance of the Kernel
protocol work with. Available only on systems supporting multiple protocol work with. Available only on systems supporting multiple
@ -2971,7 +2968,11 @@ different id. These definitions includes many other switches and multiple
definitions of interfaces. Definition of interface may contain many switches and definitions of interfaces. Definition of interface may contain many switches and
constant definitions and list of neighbors on nonbroadcast networks. constant definitions and list of neighbors on nonbroadcast networks.
<p>OSPF v2 needs one IPv4 channel, OSPF v3 needs one IPv6 channel. <p>OSPFv2 needs one IPv4 channel. OSPFv3 needs either one IPv6 channel, or one
IPv4 channel (<rfc id="5838">). Therefore, it is possible to use OSPFv3 for both
IPv4 and Pv6 routing, but it is necessary to have two protocol instances anyway.
If no channel is configured, appropriate channel is defined with default
parameters.
<code> <code>
protocol ospf [v2|v3] &lt;name&gt; { protocol ospf [v2|v3] &lt;name&gt; {
@ -3114,8 +3115,8 @@ protocol ospf [v2|v3] &lt;name&gt; {
(equal-cost multipath) routes. Such routes are used when there are (equal-cost multipath) routes. Such routes are used when there are
several directions to the destination, each with the same (computed) several directions to the destination, each with the same (computed)
cost. This option also allows to specify a limit on maximum number of cost. This option also allows to specify a limit on maximum number of
nexthops in one route. By default, ECMP is disabled. If enabled, nexthops in one route. By default, ECMP is enabled if supported by
default value of the limit is 16. Kernel. Default value of the limit is 16.
<tag><label id="ospf-merge-external">merge external <M>switch</M></tag> <tag><label id="ospf-merge-external">merge external <M>switch</M></tag>
This option specifies whether OSPF should merge external routes from This option specifies whether OSPF should merge external routes from
@ -3354,7 +3355,7 @@ protocol ospf [v2|v3] &lt;name&gt; {
are immediately considered unreachable and only the address of the iface are immediately considered unreachable and only the address of the iface
(instead of whole network prefix) is propagated. It is possible that (instead of whole network prefix) is propagated. It is possible that
some hardware drivers or platforms do not implement this feature. some hardware drivers or platforms do not implement this feature.
Default value is no. Default value is yes.
<tag><label id="ospf-bfd">bfd <M>switch</M></tag> <tag><label id="ospf-bfd">bfd <M>switch</M></tag>
OSPF could use BFD protocol as an advisory mechanism for neighbor OSPF could use BFD protocol as an advisory mechanism for neighbor
@ -3441,8 +3442,6 @@ network. This attribute is read-only. Default is <cf/ospf_metric2 = 10000/ and
<p><code> <p><code>
protocol ospf MyOSPF { protocol ospf MyOSPF {
rfc1583compat yes;
tick 2;
ipv4 { ipv4 {
export filter { export filter {
if source = RTS_BGP then { if source = RTS_BGP then {
@ -3549,17 +3548,14 @@ exporting a selected subset of one table to another one.
<sect1>Configuration <sect1>Configuration
<label id="pipe-config"> <label id="pipe-config">
<p>Technically, the Pipe protocol is just a channel connected to a table on both sides. <p>Essentially, the Pipe protocol is just a channel connected to a table on both
Therefore, the configuration block for <cf/protocol pipe/ shall directly include sides. Therefore, the configuration block for <cf/protocol pipe/ shall directly
standard channel config options; see the example below. include standard channel config options; see the example below.
<p><descrip> <p><descrip>
<tag><label id="pipe-peer-table">peer table <m/table/</tag> <tag><label id="pipe-peer-table">peer table <m/table/</tag>
Defines secondary routing table to connect to. The primary one is Defines secondary routing table to connect to. The primary one is
selected by the <cf/table/ keyword. selected by the <cf/table/ keyword.
<tag><label id="pipe-mode">mode opaque|transparent</tag>
Specifies the mode for the pipe to work in. Default is transparent.
</descrip> </descrip>
<sect1>Attributes <sect1>Attributes
@ -3586,35 +3582,27 @@ Pipe protocol while decreasing their preferences and correcting their BGP paths
to reflect the AS boundary crossing. to reflect the AS boundary crossing.
<code> <code>
table as1; # Define the tables ipv4 table as1; # Define the tables
table as2; ipv4 table as2;
protocol kernel kern1 { # Synchronize them with the kernel protocol kernel kern1 { # Synchronize them with the kernel
ipv4 { table as1; }; ipv4 { table as1; export all; };
kernel table 1; kernel table 1;
} }
protocol kernel kern2 { protocol kernel kern2 {
ipv4 { table as2; }; ipv4 { table as2; export all; };
kernel table 2; kernel table 2;
} }
protocol bgp bgp1 { # The outside connections protocol bgp bgp1 { # The outside connections
ipv4 { ipv4 { table as1; export all; };
table as1;
export all;
import all;
};
local as 1; local as 1;
neighbor 192.168.0.1 as 1001; neighbor 192.168.0.1 as 1001;
} }
protocol bgp bgp2 { protocol bgp bgp2 {
ipv4 { ipv4 { table as2; export all; };
table as2;
export all;
import all;
};
local as 2; local as 2;
neighbor 10.0.0.1 as 1002; neighbor 10.0.0.1 as 1002;
} }
@ -3657,7 +3645,7 @@ addresses and choose a default route. BIRD implements router behavior as defined
in <rfc id="4861">, router preferences and specific routes (<rfc id="4191">), in <rfc id="4861">, router preferences and specific routes (<rfc id="4191">),
and DNS extensions (<rfc id="6106">). and DNS extensions (<rfc id="6106">).
<p>The RAdv protocols supports only IPv6 channels. <p>The RAdv protocols supports just IPv6 channel.
<sect1>Configuration <sect1>Configuration
<label id="radv-config"> <label id="radv-config">
@ -3827,7 +3815,6 @@ definitions, prefix definitions and DNS definitions:
option above. Default: no. option above. Default: no.
</descrip> </descrip>
<p>Prefix specific options <p>Prefix specific options
<descrip> <descrip>
@ -3879,7 +3866,6 @@ definitions, prefix definitions and DNS definitions:
valid DNS servers. Default: 3 * <cf/max ra interval/. valid DNS servers. Default: 3 * <cf/max ra interval/.
</descrip> </descrip>
<p>DNSSL specific options: <p>DNSSL specific options:
<descrip> <descrip>
@ -3917,10 +3903,10 @@ definitions, prefix definitions and DNS definitions:
<label id="radv-exam"> <label id="radv-exam">
<p><code> <p><code>
table radv_routes; # Manually configured routes go here ipv6 table radv_routes; # Manually configured routes go here
protocol static { protocol static {
table radv_routes; ipv6 { table radv_routes; };
route 2001:0DB8:4000::/48 unreachable; route 2001:0DB8:4000::/48 unreachable;
route 2001:0DB8:4010::/48 unreachable; route 2001:0DB8:4010::/48 unreachable;
@ -3933,8 +3919,7 @@ protocol static {
protocol radv { protocol radv {
propagate routes yes; # Propagate the routes from the radv_routes table propagate routes yes; # Propagate the routes from the radv_routes table
table radv_routes; ipv6 { table radv_routes; export all; };
export all;
interface "eth2" { interface "eth2" {
max ra interval 5; # Fast failover with more routers max ra interval 5; # Fast failover with more routers
@ -3970,6 +3955,7 @@ protocol radv {
} }
</code> </code>
<sect>RIP <sect>RIP
<label id="rip"> <label id="rip">
@ -4003,6 +3989,9 @@ definitions, most RIP options are interface specific. RIPng (RIP for IPv6)
protocol instance can be configured by using <cf/rip ng/ instead of just protocol instance can be configured by using <cf/rip ng/ instead of just
<cf/rip/ as a protocol type. <cf/rip/ as a protocol type.
<p>RIP needs one IPv4 channel. RIPng needs one IPv6 channel. If no channel is
configured, appropriate channel is defined with default parameters.
<code> <code>
protocol rip [ng] [&lt;name&gt;] { protocol rip [ng] [&lt;name&gt;] {
infinity &lt;number&gt;; infinity &lt;number&gt;;
@ -4053,8 +4042,8 @@ protocol rip [ng] [&lt;name&gt;] {
(equal-cost multipath) routes. Such routes are used when there are (equal-cost multipath) routes. Such routes are used when there are
several directions to the destination, each with the same (computed) several directions to the destination, each with the same (computed)
cost. This option also allows to specify a limit on maximum number of cost. This option also allows to specify a limit on maximum number of
nexthops in one route. By default, ECMP is disabled. If enabled, nexthops in one route. By default, ECMP is enabled if supported by
default value of the limit is 16. Kernel. Default value of the limit is 16.
<tag><label id="rip-iface">interface <m/pattern/ [, <m/.../] { <m/options/ }</tag> <tag><label id="rip-iface">interface <m/pattern/ [, <m/.../] { <m/options/ }</tag>
Interface definitions specify a set of interfaces on which the Interface definitions specify a set of interfaces on which the
@ -4200,7 +4189,7 @@ protocol rip [ng] [&lt;name&gt;] {
unplugged), neighbors are immediately considered unreachable and all unplugged), neighbors are immediately considered unreachable and all
routes received from them are withdrawn. It is possible that some routes received from them are withdrawn. It is possible that some
hardware drivers or platforms do not implement this feature. hardware drivers or platforms do not implement this feature.
Default: no. Default: yes.
</descrip> </descrip>
<sect1>Attributes <sect1>Attributes
@ -4227,8 +4216,10 @@ protocol rip [ng] [&lt;name&gt;] {
<p><code> <p><code>
protocol rip { protocol rip {
import all; ipv4 {
export all; import all;
export all;
};
interface "eth*" { interface "eth*" {
metric 2; metric 2;
port 1520; port 1520;
@ -4241,6 +4232,7 @@ protocol rip {
} }
</code> </code>
<sect>RPKI <sect>RPKI
<sect1>Introduction <sect1>Introduction
@ -4248,7 +4240,7 @@ protocol rip {
<p>The Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) is mechanism for origin <p>The Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) is mechanism for origin
validation of BGP routes (RFC 6480). BIRD supports only so-called RPKI-based validation of BGP routes (RFC 6480). BIRD supports only so-called RPKI-based
origin validation. There is implemented RPKI to Router (RPKI-RTR) protocol (RFC origin validation. There is implemented RPKI to Router (RPKI-RTR) protocol (RFC
6810). It uses some of the RPKI data to allow a router to verify that the 6810). It uses some of the RPKI data to allow a router to verify that the
autonomous system announcing an IP address prefix is in fact authorized to do autonomous system announcing an IP address prefix is in fact authorized to do
so. This is not crypto checked so can be violated. But it should prevent the so. This is not crypto checked so can be violated. But it should prevent the
vast majority of accidental hijackings on the Internet today, e.g. the famous vast majority of accidental hijackings on the Internet today, e.g. the famous
@ -4294,10 +4286,10 @@ protocol rpki [&lt;name&gt;] {
} }
</code> </code>
<p>Alse note that you have to specify the ROA channel. <p>Alse note that you have to specify the ROA channel. If you want to import
If you want to import only IPv4 prefixes you have only IPv4 prefixes you have to specify only roa4 channel. Similarly with IPv6
to specify only roa4 channel. Similarly with IPv6 prefixes only. If you want to prefixes only. If you want to fetch both IPv4 and even IPv6 ROAs you have to
fetch both IPv4 and even IPv6 ROAs you have to specify both channels. specify both channels.
<sect2>RPKI protocol options <sect2>RPKI protocol options
@ -4365,21 +4357,20 @@ roa6 table r6;
protocol rpki { protocol rpki {
debug all; debug all;
roa4 { table r4; }; roa4 { table r4; };
roa6 { table r6; }; roa6 { table r6; };
# Please, do not use rpki-validator.realmv6.org in production # Please, do not use rpki-validator.realmv6.org in production
remote "rpki-validator.realmv6.org" port 8282; remote "rpki-validator.realmv6.org" port 8282;
retry keep 5; retry keep 5;
refresh keep 30; refresh keep 30;
expire 600; expire 600;
} }
filter peer_in { filter peer_in_v4 {
if (roa_check(r4, net, bgp_path.last) = ROA_INVALID || if (roa_check(r4, net, bgp_path.last) = ROA_INVALID) then
roa_check(r6, net, bgp_path.last) = ROA_INVALID) then
{ {
print "Ignore invalid ROA ", net, " for ASN ", bgp_path.last; print "Ignore invalid ROA ", net, " for ASN ", bgp_path.last;
reject; reject;
@ -4391,7 +4382,7 @@ protocol bgp {
debug all; debug all;
local as 65000; local as 65000;
neighbor 192.168.2.1 as 65001; neighbor 192.168.2.1 as 65001;
import filter peer_in; ipv4 { import filter peer_in_v4; };
} }
</code> </code>
@ -4402,23 +4393,22 @@ roa6 table r6;
protocol rpki { protocol rpki {
debug all; debug all;
roa4 { table r4; }; roa4 { table r4; };
roa6 { table r6; }; roa6 { table r6; };
remote 127.0.0.1 port 2345; remote 127.0.0.1 port 2345;
transport ssh { transport ssh {
bird private key "/home/birdgeek/.ssh/id_rsa"; bird private key "/home/birdgeek/.ssh/id_rsa";
remote public key "/home/birdgeek/.ssh/known_hosts"; remote public key "/home/birdgeek/.ssh/known_hosts";
user "birdgeek"; user "birdgeek";
}; };
# Default interval values # Default interval values
} }
</code> </code>
<sect>Static <sect>Static
<label id="static"> <label id="static">
@ -4461,10 +4451,12 @@ There exist several types of routes; keep in mind that <m/prefix/ syntax is
<tag>route <m/prefix/ via <m/ip/|<m/"interface"/ [mpls <m/num/[/<m/num/[/<m/num/[...]]]]</tag> <tag>route <m/prefix/ via <m/ip/|<m/"interface"/ [mpls <m/num/[/<m/num/[/<m/num/[...]]]]</tag>
Next hop routes may bear one or more <ref id="route-next-hop" name="next hops">. Next hop routes may bear one or more <ref id="route-next-hop" name="next hops">.
Every next hop is preceded by <cf/via/ and configured as shown. Every next hop is preceded by <cf/via/ and configured as shown.
<tag>route <m/prefix/ recursive <m/ip/ [mpls <m/num/[/<m/num/[/<m/num/[...]]]]</tag> <tag>route <m/prefix/ recursive <m/ip/ [mpls <m/num/[/<m/num/[/<m/num/[...]]]]</tag>
Recursive nexthop resolves the given IP in the configured IGP table and Recursive nexthop resolves the given IP in the configured IGP table and
uses that route's next hop. The MPLS stacks are concatenated; on top is uses that route's next hop. The MPLS stacks are concatenated; on top is
the IGP's nexthop stack and on bottom is this route's stack. the IGP's nexthop stack and on bottom is this route's stack.
<tag>route <m/prefix/ blackhole|unreachable|prohibit</tag> <tag>route <m/prefix/ blackhole|unreachable|prohibit</tag>
Special routes specifying to silently drop the packet, return it as Special routes specifying to silently drop the packet, return it as
unreachable or return it as administratively prohibited. First two unreachable or return it as administratively prohibited. First two
@ -4559,7 +4551,7 @@ protocol static {
length > 1024; length > 1024;
dscp = 63; dscp = 63;
fragment dont_fragment, is_fragment || !first_fragment; fragment dont_fragment, is_fragment || !first_fragment;
} drop; };
} }
</code> </code>
@ -4607,7 +4599,7 @@ protocol static {
tcp flags 0x03/0x0f, !0/0xff || 0x33/0x33; tcp flags 0x03/0x0f, !0/0xff || 0x33/0x33;
fragment !is_fragment || !first_fragment; fragment !is_fragment || !first_fragment;
label 0xaaaa/0xaaaa && 0x33/0x33; label 0xaaaa/0xaaaa && 0x33/0x33;
} drop; };
} }
</code> </code>
@ -4661,6 +4653,7 @@ protocol static {
} }
</code> </code>
<chapt>Conclusions <chapt>Conclusions
<label id="conclusion"> <label id="conclusion">

2
sysdep/unix/krt.h
View File

@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ struct krt_config {
btime scan_time; /* How often we re-scan routes */ btime scan_time; /* How often we re-scan routes */
int persist; /* Keep routes when we exit */ int persist; /* Keep routes when we exit */
int learn; /* Learn routes from other sources */ int learn; /* Learn routes from other sources */
int devroutes; /* Allow export of device routes */ int devroutes; /* XXX: remove */
int graceful_restart; /* Regard graceful restart recovery */ int graceful_restart; /* Regard graceful restart recovery */
}; };