diff --git a/lib/lists.c b/lib/lists.c
index 200576cf..fe2b692b 100644
--- a/lib/lists.c
+++ b/lib/lists.c
@@ -109,6 +109,15 @@ add_head(list *l, node *n)
   l->head = n;
 }
 
+LIST_INLINE void
+self_link(node *n)
+{
+  ASSUME(n->prev == NULL);
+  ASSUME(n->next == NULL);
+
+  n->prev = n->next = n;
+}
+
 /**
  * insert_node - insert a node to a list
  * @n: a new list node
diff --git a/lib/lists.h b/lib/lists.h
index 479f4ed1..64b4a981 100644
--- a/lib/lists.h
+++ b/lib/lists.h
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ typedef union list {			/* In fact two overlayed nodes */
 #define LIST_INLINE
 void add_tail(list *, node *);
 void add_head(list *, node *);
+void self_link(node *);
 void rem_node(node *);
 void add_tail_list(list *, list *);
 void init_list(list *);
diff --git a/nest/config.Y b/nest/config.Y
index 29d6b0db..a56b25be 100644
--- a/nest/config.Y
+++ b/nest/config.Y
@@ -644,12 +644,12 @@ r_args:
    }
  | r_args IMPORT TABLE channel_arg {
      if (!$4->in_table) cf_error("No import table in channel %s.%s", $4->proto->name, $4->name);
-     rt_show_add_table($$, $4->in_table);
+     rt_show_add_table($$, $4->in_table->tab);
      $$->tables_defined_by = RSD_TDB_DIRECT;
    }
  | r_args EXPORT TABLE channel_arg {
      if (!$4->out_table) cf_error("No export table in channel %s.%s", $4->proto->name, $4->name);
-     rt_show_add_table($$, $4->out_table);
+     rt_show_add_table($$, $4->out_table->tab);
      $$->tables_defined_by = RSD_TDB_DIRECT;
    }
  | r_args FILTER filter {
diff --git a/nest/proto.c b/nest/proto.c
index 09582d2e..cf448fd9 100644
--- a/nest/proto.c
+++ b/nest/proto.c
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ static char *c_states[] = { "DOWN", "START", "UP", "STOP", "RESTART" };
 
 extern struct protocol proto_unix_iface;
 
-static void channel_request_reload(struct channel *c);
+static void channel_aux_request_refeed(struct channel_aux_table *cat);
 static void proto_shutdown_loop(timer *);
 static void proto_rethink_goal(struct proto *p);
 static char *proto_state_name(struct proto *p);
@@ -88,7 +88,9 @@ channel_export_log_state_change(struct rt_export_request *req, u8 state)
   switch (state)
   {
     case TES_FEEDING:
-      if (c->proto->feed_begin)
+      if (c->out_table)
+	rt_refresh_begin(&c->out_table->push);
+      else if (c->proto->feed_begin)
 	c->proto->feed_begin(c, !c->refeeding);
       break;
     case TES_READY:
@@ -179,6 +181,7 @@ proto_find_channel_by_name(struct proto *p, const char *n)
 }
 
 rte * channel_preimport(struct rt_import_request *req, rte *new, rte *old);
+rte * channel_in_preimport(struct rt_import_request *req, rte *new, rte *old);
 
 void rt_notify_optimal(struct rt_export_request *req, const net_addr *net, struct rt_pending_export *rpe);
 void rt_notify_any(struct rt_export_request *req, const net_addr *net, struct rt_pending_export *rpe);
@@ -295,14 +298,10 @@ static void
 channel_roa_in_changed(struct rt_subscription *s)
 {
   struct channel *c = s->data;
-  int active = c->reload_event && ev_active(c->reload_event);
 
-  CD(c, "Reload triggered by RPKI change%s", active ? " - already active" : "");
+  CD(c, "Reload triggered by RPKI change");
 
-  if (!active)
-    channel_request_reload(c);
-  else
-    c->reload_pending = 1;
+  channel_request_reload(c);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -444,7 +443,6 @@ channel_start_import(struct channel *c)
     .dump_req = channel_dump_import_req,
     .log_state_change = channel_import_log_state_change,
     .preimport = channel_preimport,
-    .rte_modify = c->proto->rte_modify,
   };
 
   ASSERT(c->channel_state == CS_UP);
@@ -463,7 +461,8 @@ channel_start_export(struct channel *c)
 {
   if (c->out_req.hook)
   {
-    log(L_WARN "%s.%s: Attempted to start channel's already started export", c->proto->name, c->name);
+    c->restart_export = 1;
+    log(L_WARN "%s.%s: Fast channel export restart", c->proto->name, c->name);
     return;
   }
 
@@ -514,7 +513,7 @@ channel_check_stopped(struct channel *c)
   switch (c->channel_state)
   {
     case CS_STOP:
-      if (c->out_req.hook || c->in_req.hook)
+      if (c->out_req.hook || c->in_req.hook || c->out_table || c->in_table)
 	return;
 
       channel_set_state(c, CS_DOWN);
@@ -541,9 +540,6 @@ channel_import_stopped(struct rt_import_request *req)
 
   req->hook = NULL;
 
-  if (c->in_table)
-    rt_prune_sync(c->in_table, 1);
-
   mb_free(c->in_req.name);
   c->in_req.name = NULL;
 
@@ -566,14 +562,16 @@ channel_export_stopped(struct rt_export_request *req)
     return;
   }
 
-  /* Free the routes from out_table */
-  if (c->out_table)
-    rt_prune_sync(c->out_table, 1);
-
   mb_free(c->out_req.name);
   c->out_req.name = NULL;
 
-  channel_check_stopped(c);
+  if (c->restart_export)
+  {
+    c->restart_export = 0;
+    channel_start_export(c);
+  }
+  else
+    channel_check_stopped(c);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -595,72 +593,296 @@ channel_feed_end(struct channel *c)
     return;
   }
 
-  if (c->proto->feed_end)
+  if (c->out_table)
+    rt_refresh_end(&c->out_table->push);
+  else if (c->proto->feed_end)
     c->proto->feed_end(c);
 
   if (c->refeed_pending)
     rt_stop_export(req, channel_export_stopped);
-  else
-    c->refeeding = 0;
 }
 
-/* Called by protocol for reload from in_table */
-void
-channel_schedule_reload(struct channel *c)
-{
-  ASSERT(c->in_req.hook);
+#define CHANNEL_AUX_TABLE_DUMP_REQ(inout, imex, pgimex, pushget)  static void \
+  channel_##inout##_##pushget##_dump_req(struct rt_##pgimex##_request *req) { \
+    struct channel_aux_table *cat = SKIP_BACK(struct channel_aux_table, pushget, req); \
+    debug("  Channel %s.%s " #imex " table " #pushget " request %p\n", cat->c->proto->name, cat->c->name, req); }
 
-  rt_reload_channel_abort(c);
-  ev_schedule_work(c->reload_event);
+CHANNEL_AUX_TABLE_DUMP_REQ(in, import, import, push)
+CHANNEL_AUX_TABLE_DUMP_REQ(in, import, export, get)
+CHANNEL_AUX_TABLE_DUMP_REQ(out, export, import, push)
+CHANNEL_AUX_TABLE_DUMP_REQ(out, export, export, get)
+
+#undef CHANNEL_AUX_TABLE_DUMP_REQ
+
+static uint channel_aux_imex(struct channel_aux_table *cat)
+{
+  if (cat->c->in_table == cat)
+    return 0;
+  else if (cat->c->out_table == cat)
+    return 1;
+  else
+    bug("Channel aux table must be in_table or out_table");
 }
 
 static void
-channel_reload_loop(void *ptr)
+channel_aux_stopped(void *data)
 {
-  struct channel *c = ptr;
+  struct channel_aux_table *cat = data;
+  struct channel *c = cat->c;
 
-  /* Start reload */
-  if (!c->reload_active)
-    c->reload_pending = 0;
+  if (channel_aux_imex(cat))
+    c->out_table = NULL;
+  else
+    c->in_table = NULL;
 
-  if (!rt_reload_channel(c))
+  mb_free(cat);
+  return channel_check_stopped(c);
+}
+
+static void
+channel_aux_import_stopped(struct rt_import_request *req)
+{
+  struct channel_aux_table *cat = SKIP_BACK(struct channel_aux_table, push, req);
+  ASSERT_DIE(cat->stop);
+}
+
+static void
+channel_aux_export_stopped(struct rt_export_request *req)
+{
+  struct channel_aux_table *cat = SKIP_BACK(struct channel_aux_table, push, req);
+  req->hook = NULL;
+
+  if (cat->refeed_pending && !cat->stop)
   {
-    ev_schedule_work(c->reload_event);
-    return;
+    cat->refeed_pending = 0;
+    rt_request_export(cat->tab, req);
   }
+  else
+    ASSERT_DIE(cat->stop);
+}
 
-  /* Restart reload */
-  if (c->reload_pending)
-    channel_request_reload(c);
+static void
+channel_aux_stop(struct channel_aux_table *cat)
+{
+  cat->stop = 1;
+
+  rt_stop_import(&cat->push, channel_aux_import_stopped);
+  rt_stop_export(&cat->get, channel_aux_export_stopped);
+
+  rt_lock_table(cat->tab);
+  cat->tab->deleted = channel_aux_stopped;
+  cat->tab->del_data = cat;
+  rt_unlock_table(cat->tab);
+}
+
+static void
+channel_push_log_state_change(struct rt_import_request *req, u8 state)
+{
+  struct channel_aux_table *cat = SKIP_BACK(struct channel_aux_table, push, req);
+  const char *imex = channel_aux_imex(cat) ? "export" : "import";
+  CD(cat->c, "Channel %s table import state changed to %s", imex, rt_import_state_name(state));
+}
+
+static void
+channel_get_log_state_change(struct rt_export_request *req, u8 state)
+{
+  struct channel_aux_table *cat = SKIP_BACK(struct channel_aux_table, get, req);
+  const char *imex = channel_aux_imex(cat) ? "export" : "import";
+  CD(cat->c, "Channel %s table export state changed to %s", imex, rt_export_state_name(state));
+
+  switch (state)
+  {
+    case TES_FEEDING:
+      if (imex && cat->c->proto->feed_begin)
+	cat->c->proto->feed_begin(cat->c, !cat->c->refeeding);
+      else if (!imex)
+	rt_refresh_begin(&cat->c->in_req);
+      break;
+
+    case TES_READY:
+      if (imex && cat->c->proto->feed_end)
+	cat->c->proto->feed_end(cat->c);
+      else if (!imex)
+	rt_refresh_end(&cat->c->in_req);
+
+      if (cat->refeed_pending)
+	rt_stop_export(&cat->get, channel_aux_export_stopped);
+
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void rte_update_direct(struct channel *c, const net_addr *n, rte *new, struct rte_src *src);
+
+static void
+channel_in_export_one_any(struct rt_export_request *req, const net_addr *net, struct rt_pending_export *rpe)
+{
+  struct channel_aux_table *cat = SKIP_BACK(struct channel_aux_table, get, req);
+
+  if (!rpe->new && !rpe->old)
+    return;
+
+  rte n0;
+  struct rte_src *src = rpe->new ? rpe->new->rte.src : rpe->old->rte.src;
+  rte_update_direct(cat->c, net, RTES_CLONE(rpe->new, &n0), src);
+}
+
+static void
+channel_in_export_one_best(struct rt_export_request *req, const net_addr *net, struct rt_pending_export *rpe)
+{
+  struct channel_aux_table *cat = SKIP_BACK(struct channel_aux_table, get, req);
+
+  if (!rpe->new && !rpe->old)
+    return;
+
+  rte n0;
+  struct rte_src *src = rpe->old_best ? rpe->old_best->rte.src : rpe->new_best->rte.src;
+  rte_update_direct(cat->c, net, RTES_CLONE(rpe->new_best, &n0), src);
+}
+
+static void
+channel_in_export_bulk_any(struct rt_export_request *req, const net_addr *net, struct rt_pending_export *rpe UNUSED, rte **feed, uint count)
+{
+  struct channel_aux_table *cat = SKIP_BACK(struct channel_aux_table, get, req);
+  for (uint i=0; i<count; i++)
+  {
+    rte n0 = *feed[i];
+    rte_update_direct(cat->c, net, &n0, n0.src);
+  }
+}
+
+static void
+channel_in_export_bulk_best(struct rt_export_request *req, const net_addr *net, struct rt_pending_export *rpe UNUSED, rte **feed, uint count)
+{
+  struct channel_aux_table *cat = SKIP_BACK(struct channel_aux_table, get, req);
+  if (!count)
+    return;
+
+  rte n0 = *feed[0];
+  rte_update_direct(cat->c, net, &n0, n0.src);
+}
+
+void do_rt_notify_direct(struct channel *c, const net_addr *net, rte *new, const rte *old);
+
+static void
+channel_out_export_one_any(struct rt_export_request *req, const net_addr *net, struct rt_pending_export *rpe)
+{
+  struct channel_aux_table *cat = SKIP_BACK(struct channel_aux_table, get, req);
+  rte n0;
+  do_rt_notify_direct(cat->c, net, RTES_CLONE(rpe->new, &n0), RTES_OR_NULL(rpe->old));
+}
+
+static void
+channel_out_export_one_best(struct rt_export_request *req, const net_addr *net, struct rt_pending_export *rpe)
+{
+  struct channel_aux_table *cat = SKIP_BACK(struct channel_aux_table, get, req);
+  rte n0;
+  do_rt_notify_direct(cat->c, net, RTES_CLONE(rpe->new_best, &n0), RTES_OR_NULL(rpe->old_best));
+}
+
+static void
+channel_out_export_bulk(struct rt_export_request *req, const net_addr *net, struct rt_pending_export *rpe UNUSED, rte **feed, uint count)
+{
+  struct channel_aux_table *cat = SKIP_BACK(struct channel_aux_table, get, req);
+  if (cat->c->ra_mode != RA_ANY)
+    ASSERT_DIE(count <= 1);
+
+  for (uint i=0; i<count; i++)
+  {
+    rte n0 = *feed[i];
+    do_rt_notify_direct(cat->c, net, &n0, NULL);
+  }
 }
 
 /* Called by protocol to activate in_table */
 void
-channel_setup_in_table(struct channel *c)
+channel_setup_in_table(struct channel *c, int best)
 {
-  struct rtable_config *cf = mb_allocz(c->proto->pool, sizeof(struct rtable_config));
+  int nlen = sizeof("import") + strlen(c->name) + strlen(c->proto->name) + 3;
 
-  cf->name = "import";
-  cf->addr_type = c->net_type;
-  cf->internal = 1;
+  struct {
+    struct channel_aux_table cat;
+    struct rtable_config tab_cf;
+    char name[0];
+  } *cat = mb_allocz(c->proto->pool, sizeof(*cat) + nlen);
 
-  c->in_table = rt_setup(c->proto->pool, cf);
+  bsprintf(cat->name, "%s.%s.import", c->proto->name, c->name);
 
-  c->reload_event = ev_new_init(c->proto->pool, channel_reload_loop, c);
+  cat->tab_cf.name = cat->name;
+  cat->tab_cf.addr_type = c->net_type;
+
+  c->in_table = &cat->cat;
+  c->in_table->push = (struct rt_import_request) {
+    .name = cat->name,
+    .trace_routes = c->debug | c->proto->debug,
+    .dump_req = channel_in_push_dump_req,
+    .log_state_change = channel_push_log_state_change,
+    .preimport = channel_in_preimport,
+  };
+  c->in_table->get = (struct rt_export_request) {
+    .name = cat->name,
+    .trace_routes = c->debug | c->proto->debug,
+    .dump_req = channel_in_get_dump_req,
+    .log_state_change = channel_get_log_state_change,
+    .export_one = best ? channel_in_export_one_best : channel_in_export_one_any,
+    .export_bulk = best ? channel_in_export_bulk_best : channel_in_export_bulk_any,
+  };
+
+  c->in_table->c = c;
+  c->in_table->tab = rt_setup(c->proto->pool, &cat->tab_cf);
+  self_link(&c->in_table->tab->n);
+
+  rt_request_import(c->in_table->tab, &c->in_table->push);
+  rt_request_export(c->in_table->tab, &c->in_table->get);
 }
 
 /* Called by protocol to activate out_table */
 void
 channel_setup_out_table(struct channel *c)
 {
-  struct rtable_config *cf = mb_allocz(c->proto->pool, sizeof(struct rtable_config));
-  cf->name = "export";
-  cf->addr_type = c->net_type;
-  cf->internal = 1;
+  int nlen = sizeof("export") + strlen(c->name) + strlen(c->proto->name) + 3;
 
-  c->out_table = rt_setup(c->proto->pool, cf);
+  struct {
+    struct channel_aux_table cat;
+    struct rtable_config tab_cf;
+    char name[0];
+  } *cat = mb_allocz(c->proto->pool, sizeof(*cat) + nlen);
+
+  bsprintf(cat->name, "%s.%s.export", c->proto->name, c->name);
+
+  cat->tab_cf.name = cat->name;
+  cat->tab_cf.addr_type = c->net_type;
+
+  c->out_table = &cat->cat;
+  c->out_table->push = (struct rt_import_request) {
+    .name = cat->name,
+    .trace_routes = c->debug | c->proto->debug,
+    .dump_req = channel_out_push_dump_req,
+    .log_state_change = channel_push_log_state_change,
+  };
+  c->out_table->get = (struct rt_export_request) {
+    .name = cat->name,
+    .trace_routes = c->debug | c->proto->debug,
+    .dump_req = channel_out_get_dump_req,
+    .log_state_change = channel_get_log_state_change,
+    .export_one = (c->ra_mode == RA_ANY) ? channel_out_export_one_any : channel_out_export_one_best,
+    .export_bulk = channel_out_export_bulk,
+  };
+
+  c->out_table->c = c;
+  c->out_table->tab = rt_setup(c->proto->pool, &cat->tab_cf);
+  self_link(&c->out_table->tab->n);
+
+  rt_request_import(c->out_table->tab, &c->out_table->push);
+  rt_request_export(c->out_table->tab, &c->out_table->get);
 }
 
+static void
+channel_aux_request_refeed(struct channel_aux_table *cat)
+{
+  cat->refeed_pending = 1;
+  rt_stop_export(&cat->get, channel_aux_export_stopped);
+}
 
 static void
 channel_do_start(struct channel *c)
@@ -686,16 +908,12 @@ channel_do_up(struct channel *c)
 static void
 channel_do_pause(struct channel *c)
 {
-  /* Need to abort feeding */
-  if (c->reload_event)
-  {
-    ev_postpone(c->reload_event);
-    rt_reload_channel_abort(c);
-  }
-
   /* Stop export */
   if (c->out_req.hook)
+  {
     rt_stop_export(&c->out_req, channel_export_stopped);
+    c->refeeding = 0;
+  }
 
   channel_roa_unsubscribe_all(c);
 
@@ -706,6 +924,13 @@ channel_do_pause(struct channel *c)
 static void
 channel_do_stop(struct channel *c)
 {
+  /* Drop auxiliary tables */
+  if (c->in_table)
+    channel_aux_stop(c->in_table);
+
+  if (c->out_table)
+    channel_aux_stop(c->out_table);
+
   /* Stop import */
   if (c->in_req.hook)
     rt_stop_import(&c->in_req, channel_import_stopped);
@@ -716,16 +941,13 @@ channel_do_stop(struct channel *c)
 
   CALL(c->channel->shutdown, c);
 
-  /* This have to be done in here, as channel pool is freed before channel_do_down() */
-  c->in_table = NULL;
-  c->reload_event = NULL;
-  c->out_table = NULL;
+  channel_roa_unsubscribe_all(c);
 }
 
 static void
 channel_do_down(struct channel *c)
 {
-  ASSERT(!c->reload_active);
+  ASSERT(!c->out_req.hook && !c->in_req.hook && !c->out_table && !c->in_table);
 
   c->proto->active_channels--;
 
@@ -733,14 +955,12 @@ channel_do_down(struct channel *c)
   memset(&c->import_stats, 0, sizeof(struct channel_import_stats));
   memset(&c->export_stats, 0, sizeof(struct channel_export_stats));
 
-  c->in_table = NULL;
-  c->reload_event = NULL;
-  c->out_table = NULL;
-
-  /* The in_table and out_table are going to be freed by freeing their resource pools. */
-
   CALL(c->channel->cleanup, c);
 
+  /* This have to be done in here, as channel pool is freed before channel_do_down() */
+  bmap_free(&c->export_map);
+  bmap_free(&c->export_reject_map);
+
   /* Schedule protocol shutddown */
   if (proto_is_done(c->proto))
     ev_schedule(c->proto->event);
@@ -769,7 +989,7 @@ channel_set_state(struct channel *c, uint state)
     break;
 
   case CS_UP:
-    ASSERT(cs == CS_DOWN || cs == CS_START);
+    ASSERT(cs == CS_DOWN || cs == CS_START || cs == CS_PAUSE);
 
     if (cs == CS_DOWN)
       channel_do_start(c);
@@ -819,8 +1039,8 @@ channel_set_state(struct channel *c, uint state)
  * completed, it will switch back to ES_READY. This function can be called
  * even when feeding is already running, in that case it is restarted.
  */
-void
-channel_request_feeding(struct channel *c)
+static void
+channel_request_table_feeding(struct channel *c)
 {
   ASSERT(c->out_req.hook);
 
@@ -828,7 +1048,18 @@ channel_request_feeding(struct channel *c)
   rt_stop_export(&c->out_req, channel_export_stopped);
 }
 
-static void
+void
+channel_request_feeding(struct channel *c)
+{
+  ASSERT(c->out_req.hook);
+
+  if (c->out_table)
+    channel_aux_request_refeed(c->out_table);
+  else
+    channel_request_table_feeding(c);
+}
+
+void
 channel_request_reload(struct channel *c)
 {
   ASSERT(c->in_req.hook);
@@ -836,14 +1067,29 @@ channel_request_reload(struct channel *c)
 
   CD(c, "Reload requested");
 
-  c->proto->reload_routes(c);
+  if (c->in_table)
+    channel_aux_request_refeed(c->in_table);
+  else
+    c->proto->reload_routes(c);
+}
 
-  /*
-   * Should this be done before reload_routes() hook?
-   * Perhaps, but routes are updated asynchronously.
-   */
-  channel_reset_limit(c, &c->rx_limit, PLD_RX);
-  channel_reset_limit(c, &c->in_limit, PLD_IN);
+void
+channel_refresh_begin(struct channel *c)
+{
+  CD(c, "Channel route refresh begin");
+  if (c->in_table)
+    rt_refresh_begin(&c->in_table->push);
+  else
+    rt_refresh_begin(&c->in_req);
+}
+
+void
+channel_refresh_end(struct channel *c)
+{
+  if (c->in_table)
+    rt_refresh_end(&c->in_table->push);
+  else
+    rt_refresh_end(&c->in_req);
 }
 
 const struct channel_class channel_basic = {
@@ -1001,7 +1247,7 @@ channel_reconfigure(struct channel *c, struct channel_config *cf)
     channel_request_reload(c);
 
   if (export_changed)
-    channel_request_feeding(c);
+    channel_request_table_feeding(c);
 
 done:
   CD(c, "Reconfigured");
@@ -1714,7 +1960,7 @@ protos_dump_all(void)
   WALK_LIST(p, proto_list)
   {
 #define DPF(x)	(p->x ? " " #x : "")
-    debug("  protocol %s (%p) state %s with %d active channels flags: %s%s%s%s%s\n",
+    debug("  protocol %s (%p) state %s with %d active channels flags: %s%s%s%s\n",
 	p->name, p, p_states[p->proto_state], p->active_channels,
 	DPF(disabled), DPF(active), DPF(do_start), DPF(do_stop), DPF(reconfiguring));
 #undef DPF
@@ -1730,6 +1976,20 @@ protos_dump_all(void)
       debug("\tChannel state: %s/%s/%s\n", c_states[c->channel_state],
 	  c->in_req.hook ? rt_import_state_name(rt_import_get_state(c->in_req.hook)) : "-",
 	  c->out_req.hook ? rt_export_state_name(rt_export_get_state(c->out_req.hook)) : "-");
+      if (c->in_table)
+      {
+	debug("\tInput aux table:\n");
+	rt_dump_hooks(c->in_table->tab);
+	rt_dump(c->in_table->tab);
+	debug("\tEnd of input aux table.\n");
+      }
+      if (c->out_table)
+      {
+	debug("\tOutput aux table:\n");
+	rt_dump_hooks(c->in_table->tab);
+	rt_dump(c->in_table->tab);
+	debug("\tEnd of output aux table.\n");
+      }
     }
 
     if (p->proto->dump && (p->proto_state != PS_DOWN))
@@ -2151,11 +2411,11 @@ channel_show_stats(struct channel *c)
     cli_msg(-1006, "    Routes:         %u imported, %u exported, %u preferred",
 	    in_routes, out_routes, SRI(pref));
 
-  cli_msg(-1006, "    Route change stats:     received   rejected   filtered    ignored   RX limit   IN limit   accepted");
-  cli_msg(-1006, "      Import updates:     %10u %10u %10u %10u %10u %10u %10u",
+  cli_msg(-1006, "    Route change stats:     received   rejected   filtered    ignored    limited    accepted");
+  cli_msg(-1006, "      Import updates:     %10u %10u %10u %10u %10u %10u",
 	  SCI(updates_received), SCI(updates_invalid),
 	  SCI(updates_filtered), SRI(updates_ignored),
-	  SCI(updates_limited_rx), SCI(updates_limited_in),
+	  SCI(updates_limited_rx) + SCI(updates_limited_in),
 	  SRI(updates_accepted));
   cli_msg(-1006, "      Import withdraws:   %10u %10u        --- %10u        --- %10u",
 	  SCI(withdraws_received), SCI(withdraws_invalid),
diff --git a/nest/protocol.h b/nest/protocol.h
index 7447cbf0..f9996b18 100644
--- a/nest/protocol.h
+++ b/nest/protocol.h
@@ -207,7 +207,6 @@ struct proto {
   int (*rte_recalculate)(struct rtable *, struct network *, struct rte *, struct rte *, struct rte *);
   int (*rte_better)(struct rte *, struct rte *);
   int (*rte_mergable)(struct rte *, struct rte *);
-  struct rte *(*rte_modify)(struct rte *, struct linpool *);
   void (*rte_insert)(struct network *, struct rte *);
   void (*rte_remove)(struct network *, struct rte *);
   u32 (*rte_igp_metric)(struct rte *);
@@ -544,24 +543,29 @@ struct channel {
   u8 reloadable;			/* Hook reload_routes() is allowed on the channel */
   u8 gr_lock;				/* Graceful restart mechanism should wait for this channel */
   u8 gr_wait;				/* Route export to channel is postponed until graceful restart */
+  u8 restart_export;			/* Route export should restart as soon as it stops */
 
   btime last_state_change;		/* Time of last state transition */
 
-  struct rtable *in_table;		/* Internal table for received routes */
-  struct event *reload_event;		/* Event responsible for reloading from in_table */
-  struct fib_iterator reload_fit;	/* FIB iterator in in_table used during reloading */
-  struct rte_storage *reload_next_rte;	/* Route iterator in in_table used during reloading */
-  u8 reload_active;			/* Iterator reload_fit is linked */
+  struct channel_aux_table *in_table;	/* Internal table for received routes */
 
   u8 reload_pending;			/* Reloading and another reload is scheduled */
   u8 refeed_pending;			/* Refeeding and another refeed is scheduled */
   u8 rpki_reload;			/* RPKI changes trigger channel reload */
 
-  struct rtable *out_table;		/* Internal table for exported routes */
+  struct channel_aux_table *out_table;	/* Internal table for exported routes */
 
   list roa_subscriptions;		/* List of active ROA table subscriptions based on filters roa_check() */
 };
 
+struct channel_aux_table {
+  struct channel *c;
+  struct rt_import_request push;
+  struct rt_export_request get;
+  rtable *tab;
+  u8 stop;
+  u8 refeed_pending;
+};
 
 /*
  * Channel states
@@ -627,7 +631,7 @@ struct channel *proto_add_channel(struct proto *p, struct channel_config *cf);
 int proto_configure_channel(struct proto *p, struct channel **c, struct channel_config *cf);
 
 void channel_set_state(struct channel *c, uint state);
-void channel_setup_in_table(struct channel *c);
+void channel_setup_in_table(struct channel *c, int best);
 void channel_setup_out_table(struct channel *c);
 void channel_schedule_reload(struct channel *c);
 
@@ -636,6 +640,9 @@ static inline void channel_open(struct channel *c) { channel_set_state(c, CS_UP)
 static inline void channel_close(struct channel *c) { channel_set_state(c, CS_STOP); }
 
 void channel_request_feeding(struct channel *c);
+void channel_request_reload(struct channel *c);
+void channel_refresh_begin(struct channel *c);
+void channel_refresh_end(struct channel *c);
 void *channel_config_new(const struct channel_class *cc, const char *name, uint net_type, struct proto_config *proto);
 void *channel_config_get(const struct channel_class *cc, const char *name, uint net_type, struct proto_config *proto);
 int channel_reconfigure(struct channel *c, struct channel_config *cf);
diff --git a/nest/route.h b/nest/route.h
index d0568133..cb66be2a 100644
--- a/nest/route.h
+++ b/nest/route.h
@@ -150,7 +150,6 @@ struct rtable_config {
   int gc_max_ops;			/* Maximum number of operations before GC is run */
   int gc_min_time;			/* Minimum time between two consecutive GC runs */
   byte sorted;				/* Routes of network are sorted according to rte_better() */
-  byte internal;			/* Internal table of a protocol */
   btime min_settle_time;		/* Minimum settle time for notifications */
   btime max_settle_time;		/* Maximum settle time for notifications */
 };
@@ -172,10 +171,8 @@ typedef struct rtable {
   struct hmap id_map;
   struct hostcache *hostcache;
   struct rtable_config *config;		/* Configuration of this table */
-  struct config *deleted;		/* Table doesn't exist in current configuration,
-					 * delete as soon as use_count becomes 0 and remove
-					 * obstacle from this routing table.
-					 */
+  void (*deleted)(void *);		/* Table should free itself. Call this when it is done. */
+  void *del_data;
   struct event *rt_event;		/* Routing table event */
   btime last_rt_change;			/* Last time when route changed */
   btime base_settle_time;		/* Start time of rtable settling interval */
@@ -184,7 +181,6 @@ typedef struct rtable {
   byte prune_state;			/* Table prune state, 1 -> scheduled, 2-> running */
   byte hcu_scheduled;			/* Hostcache update is scheduled */
   byte nhu_state;			/* Next Hop Update state */
-  byte internal;			/* This table is internal for some other object */
   struct fib_iterator prune_fit;	/* Rtable prune FIB iterator */
   struct fib_iterator nhu_fit;		/* Next Hop Update FIB iterator */
   struct tbf rl_pipe;			/* Rate limiting token buffer for pipe collisions */
@@ -249,6 +245,7 @@ typedef struct rte {
   u8 generation;			/* If this route import is based on other previously exported route,
 					   this value should be 1 + MAX(generation of the parent routes).
 					   Otherwise the route is independent and this value is zero. */
+  u8 stale_cycle;			/* Auxiliary value for route refresh */
 } rte;
 
 struct rte_storage {
@@ -256,13 +253,11 @@ struct rte_storage {
   struct rte rte;			/* Route data */
 };
 
-#define RTE_COPY(r, l)	((r) ? (((*(l)) = (r)->rte), (l)) : NULL)
-#define RTE_OR_NULL(r)	((r) ? &((r)->rte) : NULL)
+#define RTES_CLONE(r, l)	((r) ? (((*(l)) = (r)->rte), (l)) : NULL)
+#define RTES_OR_NULL(r)		((r) ? &((r)->rte) : NULL)
 
 #define REF_FILTERED	2		/* Route is rejected by import filter */
-#define REF_STALE	4		/* Route is stale in a refresh cycle */
-#define REF_DISCARD	8		/* Route is scheduled for discard */
-#define REF_MODIFY	16		/* Route is scheduled for modify */
+#define REF_USE_STALE	4		/* Do not reset route's stale_cycle to the actual value */
 
 /* Route is valid for propagation (may depend on other flags in the future), accepts NULL */
 static inline int rte_is_valid(const rte *r) { return r && !(r->flags & REF_FILTERED); }
@@ -283,7 +278,6 @@ struct rt_import_request {
   /* Preimport is called when the @new route is just-to-be inserted, replacing @old.
    * Return a route (may be different or modified in-place) to continue or NULL to withdraw. */
   struct rte *(*preimport)(struct rt_import_request *req, struct rte *new, struct rte *old);
-  struct rte *(*rte_modify)(struct rte *, struct linpool *);
 };
 
 struct rt_import_hook {
@@ -303,6 +297,10 @@ struct rt_import_hook {
   btime last_state_change;		/* Time of last state transition */
 
   u8 import_state;			/* IS_* */
+  u8 stale_set;				/* Set this stale_cycle to imported routes */
+  u8 stale_valid;			/* Routes with this stale_cycle and bigger are considered valid */
+  u8 stale_pruned;			/* Last prune finished when this value was set at stale_valid */
+  u8 stale_pruning;			/* Last prune started when this value was set at stale_valid */
 
   void (*stopped)(struct rt_import_request *);	/* Stored callback when import is stopped */
 };
@@ -455,9 +453,9 @@ void *net_route(rtable *tab, const net_addr *n);
 int net_roa_check(rtable *tab, const net_addr *n, u32 asn);
 int rt_examine(rtable *t, net_addr *a, struct channel *c, const struct filter *filter);
 rte *rt_export_merged(struct channel *c, rte ** feed, uint count, linpool *pool, int silent);
-void rt_refresh_begin(rtable *t, struct rt_import_request *);
-void rt_refresh_end(rtable *t, struct rt_import_request *);
-void rt_modify_stale(rtable *t, struct rt_import_request *);
+
+void rt_refresh_begin(struct rt_import_request *);
+void rt_refresh_end(struct rt_import_request *);
 void rt_schedule_prune(rtable *t);
 void rte_dump(struct rte_storage *);
 void rte_free(struct rte_storage *, rtable *);
@@ -466,15 +464,9 @@ void rt_dump(rtable *);
 void rt_dump_all(void);
 void rt_dump_hooks(rtable *);
 void rt_dump_hooks_all(void);
-int rt_reload_channel(struct channel *c);
-void rt_reload_channel_abort(struct channel *c);
-void rt_refeed_channel(struct channel *c);
 void rt_prune_sync(rtable *t, int all);
-int rte_update_in(struct channel *c, const net_addr *n, rte *new, struct rte_src *src);
-int rte_update_out(struct channel *c, const net_addr *n, rte *new, const rte *old, struct rte_storage **old_exported);
 struct rtable_config *rt_new_table(struct symbol *s, uint addr_type);
 
-
 /* Default limit for ECMP next hops, defined in sysdep code */
 extern const int rt_default_ecmp;
 
@@ -789,6 +781,7 @@ void rta__free(rta *r);
 static inline void rta_free(rta *r) { if (r && !--r->uc) rta__free(r); }
 rta *rta_do_cow(rta *o, linpool *lp);
 static inline rta * rta_cow(rta *r, linpool *lp) { return rta_is_cached(r) ? rta_do_cow(r, lp) : r; }
+static inline void rta_uncache(rta *r) { r->cached = 0; r->uc = 0; }
 void rta_dump(rta *);
 void rta_dump_all(void);
 void rta_show(struct cli *, rta *);
diff --git a/nest/rt-attr.c b/nest/rt-attr.c
index 1bece201..77fd3c3b 100644
--- a/nest/rt-attr.c
+++ b/nest/rt-attr.c
@@ -1245,8 +1245,7 @@ rta_do_cow(rta *o, linpool *lp)
       memcpy(*nhn, nho, nexthop_size(nho));
       nhn = &((*nhn)->next);
     }
-  r->cached = 0;
-  r->uc = 0;
+  rta_uncache(r);
   return r;
 }
 
diff --git a/nest/rt-show.c b/nest/rt-show.c
index 235d72e4..d942b8e1 100644
--- a/nest/rt-show.c
+++ b/nest/rt-show.c
@@ -95,7 +95,10 @@ rt_show_rte(struct cli *c, byte *ia, rte *e, struct rt_show_data *d, int primary
     }
 
   if (d->verbose)
+  {
+    cli_printf(c, -1008, "\tInternal route ID: %uL %uG %uS", e->src->private_id, e->src->global_id, e->stale_cycle);
     rta_show(c, a);
+  }
 }
 
 static uint
@@ -103,7 +106,7 @@ rte_feed_count(net *n)
 {
   uint count = 0;
   for (struct rte_storage *e = n->routes; e; e = e->next)
-    if (rte_is_valid(RTE_OR_NULL(e)))
+    if (rte_is_valid(RTES_OR_NULL(e)))
       count++;
   return count;
 }
@@ -113,7 +116,7 @@ rte_feed_obtain(net *n, rte **feed, uint count)
 {
   uint i = 0;
   for (struct rte_storage *e = n->routes; e; e = e->next)
-    if (rte_is_valid(RTE_OR_NULL(e)))
+    if (rte_is_valid(RTES_OR_NULL(e)))
     {
       ASSERT_DIE(i < count);
       feed[i++] = &e->rte;
diff --git a/nest/rt-table.c b/nest/rt-table.c
index e7ff2816..2f480992 100644
--- a/nest/rt-table.c
+++ b/nest/rt-table.c
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ pool *rt_table_pool;
 static linpool *rte_update_pool;
 
 list routing_tables;
-list deleted_routing_tables;
 
 static void rt_free_hostcache(rtable *tab);
 static void rt_notify_hostcache(rtable *tab, net *net);
@@ -386,9 +385,11 @@ rte_mergable(rte *pri, rte *sec)
 static void
 rte_trace(const char *name, const rte *e, int dir, const char *msg)
 {
-  log(L_TRACE "%s %c %s %N %uL %uG %s",
-      name, dir, msg, e->net, e->src->private_id, e->src->global_id,
-      rta_dest_name(e->attrs->dest));
+  log(L_TRACE "%s %c %s %N src %uL %uG %uS %s%s",
+      name, dir, msg, e->net,
+      e->src->private_id, e->src->global_id, e->stale_cycle,
+      rta_dest_name(e->attrs->dest),
+      rte_is_filtered(e) ? " (filtered)" : "");
 }
 
 static inline void
@@ -427,7 +428,7 @@ rte_feed_count(net *n)
 {
   uint count = 0;
   for (struct rte_storage *e = n->routes; e; e = e->next)
-    if (rte_is_valid(RTE_OR_NULL(e)))
+    if (rte_is_valid(RTES_OR_NULL(e)))
       count++;
   return count;
 }
@@ -437,7 +438,7 @@ rte_feed_obtain(net *n, struct rte **feed, uint count)
 {
   uint i = 0;
   for (struct rte_storage *e = n->routes; e; e = e->next)
-    if (rte_is_valid(RTE_OR_NULL(e)))
+    if (rte_is_valid(RTES_OR_NULL(e)))
     {
       ASSERT_DIE(i < count);
       feed[i++] = &e->rte;
@@ -508,10 +509,11 @@ export_filter(struct channel *c, rte *rt, int silent)
   return export_filter_(c, rt, rte_update_pool, silent);
 }
 
+void do_rt_notify_direct(struct channel *c, const net_addr *net, rte *new, const rte *old);
+
 static void
 do_rt_notify(struct channel *c, const net_addr *net, rte *new, const rte *old)
 {
-  struct proto *p = c->proto;
   struct channel_export_stats *stats = &c->export_stats;
 
   if (c->refeeding && new)
@@ -528,28 +530,31 @@ do_rt_notify(struct channel *c, const net_addr *net, rte *new, const rte *old)
   if (!new && old)
     CHANNEL_LIMIT_POP(c, OUT);
 
-  /* Apply export table */
-  struct rte_storage *old_exported = NULL;
-  if (c->out_table)
-  {
-    if (!rte_update_out(c, net, new, old, &old_exported))
-    {
-      channel_rte_trace_out(D_ROUTES, c, new, "idempotent");
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (new)
-    stats->updates_accepted++;
-  else
-    stats->withdraws_accepted++;
-
+  /* Store route export state */
   if (old)
     bmap_clear(&c->export_map, old->id);
 
   if (new)
     bmap_set(&c->export_map, new->id);
 
+  /* Apply export table */
+  if (c->out_table)
+    rte_import(&c->out_table->push, net, new, old ? old->src : new->src);
+  else
+    do_rt_notify_direct(c, net, new, old);
+}
+
+void
+do_rt_notify_direct(struct channel *c, const net_addr *net, rte *new, const rte *old)
+{
+  struct proto *p = c->proto;
+  struct channel_export_stats *stats = &c->export_stats;
+
+  if (new)
+    stats->updates_accepted++;
+  else
+    stats->withdraws_accepted++;
+
   if (p->debug & D_ROUTES)
   {
     if (new && old)
@@ -560,10 +565,7 @@ do_rt_notify(struct channel *c, const net_addr *net, rte *new, const rte *old)
       channel_rte_trace_out(D_ROUTES, c, old, "removed");
   }
 
-  p->rt_notify(p, c, net, new, old_exported ? &old_exported->rte : old);
-
-  if (c->out_table && old_exported)
-    rte_free(old_exported, c->out_table);
+  p->rt_notify(p, c, net, new, old);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -784,7 +786,7 @@ rt_notify_optimal(struct rt_export_request *req, const net_addr *net, struct rt_
   rte n0;
 
   if (rpe->new_best != rpe->old_best)
-    rt_notify_basic(c, net, RTE_COPY(rpe->new_best, &n0), RTE_OR_NULL(rpe->old_best));
+    rt_notify_basic(c, net, RTES_CLONE(rpe->new_best, &n0), RTES_OR_NULL(rpe->old_best));
 
   /* Drop the old stored rejection if applicable.
    * new->id == old->id happens when updating hostentries. */
@@ -799,7 +801,7 @@ rt_notify_any(struct rt_export_request *req, const net_addr *net, struct rt_pend
   rte n0;
 
   if (rpe->new != rpe->old)
-    rt_notify_basic(c, net, RTE_COPY(rpe->new, &n0), RTE_OR_NULL(rpe->old));
+    rt_notify_basic(c, net, RTES_CLONE(rpe->new, &n0), RTES_OR_NULL(rpe->old));
 
   /* Drop the old stored rejection if applicable.
    * new->id == old->id happens when updating hostentries. */
@@ -974,6 +976,10 @@ rte_recalculate(struct rt_import_hook *c, net *net, rte *new, struct rte_src *sr
   rte *old_best = old_best_stored ? &old_best_stored->rte : NULL;
   rte *old = NULL;
 
+  /* Set the stale cycle unless already set */
+  if (new && !(new->flags & REF_USE_STALE))
+    new->stale_cycle = c->stale_set;
+
   /* Find and remove original route from the same protocol */
   struct rte_storage **before_old = rte_find(net, src);
 
@@ -999,8 +1005,7 @@ rte_recalculate(struct rt_import_hook *c, net *net, rte *new, struct rte_src *sr
 	  if (new && rte_same(old, new))
 	    {
 	      /* No changes, ignore the new route and refresh the old one */
-
-	      old->flags &= ~(REF_STALE | REF_DISCARD | REF_MODIFY);
+	      old->stale_cycle = new->stale_cycle;
 
 	      if (!rte_is_filtered(new))
 		{
@@ -1138,18 +1143,23 @@ rte_recalculate(struct rt_import_hook *c, net *net, rte *new, struct rte_src *sr
 	new_stored->rte.id = old->id;
     }
 
+  _Bool nb = (new_stored == net->routes);
+  _Bool ob = (old_best == old);
+
   /* Log the route change */
-  if (new_ok)
-    rt_rte_trace_in(D_ROUTES, req, &new_stored->rte, new_stored == net->routes ? "added [best]" : "added");
-  else if (old_ok)
+  if (new_ok && old_ok)
     {
-      if (old != old_best)
-	rt_rte_trace_in(D_ROUTES, req, old, "removed");
-      else if (net->routes && rte_is_ok(&net->routes->rte))
-	rt_rte_trace_in(D_ROUTES, req, old, "removed [replaced]");
-      else
-	rt_rte_trace_in(D_ROUTES, req, old, "removed [sole]");
+      const char *best_indicator[2][2] = { { "updated", "updated [-best]" }, { "updated [+best]", "updated [best]" } };
+      rt_rte_trace_in(D_ROUTES, req, &new_stored->rte, best_indicator[nb][ob]);
     }
+  else if (new_ok)
+    rt_rte_trace_in(D_ROUTES, req, &new_stored->rte,
+	(!net->routes->next || !rte_is_ok(&net->routes->next->rte)) ? "added [sole]" :
+	nb ? "added [best]" : "added");
+  else if (old_ok)
+    rt_rte_trace_in(D_ROUTES, req, old,
+	(!net->routes || !rte_is_ok(&net->routes->rte)) ? "removed [sole]" :
+	ob ? "removed [best]" : "removed");
 
   /* Propagate the route change */
   rte_announce(table, net, new_stored, old_stored,
@@ -1197,12 +1207,15 @@ channel_preimport(struct rt_import_request *req, rte *new, rte *old)
 {
   struct channel *c = SKIP_BACK(struct channel, in_req, req);
 
-  if (new && !old)
-    if (CHANNEL_LIMIT_PUSH(c, RX))
-      return NULL;
+  if (!c->in_table)
+  {
+    if (new && !old)
+      if (CHANNEL_LIMIT_PUSH(c, RX))
+	return NULL;
 
-  if (!new && old)
-    CHANNEL_LIMIT_POP(c, RX);
+    if (!new && old)
+      CHANNEL_LIMIT_POP(c, RX);
+  }
 
   int new_in = new && !rte_is_filtered(new);
   int old_in = old && !rte_is_filtered(old);
@@ -1223,7 +1236,22 @@ channel_preimport(struct rt_import_request *req, rte *new, rte *old)
   return new;
 }
 
-static void rte_update_direct(struct channel *c, const net_addr *n, rte *new, struct rte_src *src);
+rte *
+channel_in_preimport(struct rt_import_request *req, rte *new, rte *old)
+{
+  struct channel_aux_table *cat = SKIP_BACK(struct channel_aux_table, push, req);
+
+  if (new && !old)
+    if (CHANNEL_LIMIT_PUSH(cat->c, RX))
+      return NULL;
+
+  if (!new && old)
+    CHANNEL_LIMIT_POP(cat->c, RX);
+
+  return new;
+}
+
+void rte_update_direct(struct channel *c, const net_addr *n, rte *new, struct rte_src *src);
 
 void
 rte_update(struct channel *c, const net_addr *n, rte *new, struct rte_src *src)
@@ -1233,13 +1261,14 @@ rte_update(struct channel *c, const net_addr *n, rte *new, struct rte_src *src)
 
   ASSERT(c->channel_state == CS_UP);
 
-  if (c->in_table && !rte_update_in(c, n, new, src))
-    return;
 
-  return rte_update_direct(c, n, new, src);
+  if (c->in_table)
+    rte_import(&c->in_table->push, n, new, src);
+  else
+    rte_update_direct(c, n, new, src);
 }
 
-static void
+void
 rte_update_direct(struct channel *c, const net_addr *n, rte *new, struct rte_src *src)
 {
   const struct filter *filter = c->in_filter;
@@ -1323,24 +1352,6 @@ rte_discard(net *net, rte *old)	/* Non-filtered route deletion, used during garb
   rte_update_unlock();
 }
 
-/* Modify existing route by protocol hook, used for long-lived graceful restart */
-static inline void
-rte_modify(net *net, rte *old)
-{
-  rte_update_lock();
-
-  rte *new = old->sender->req->rte_modify(old, rte_update_pool);
-  if (new != old)
-  {
-    if (new)
-      new->flags = old->flags & ~REF_MODIFY;
-
-    rte_recalculate(old->sender, net, new, old->src);
-  }
-
-  rte_update_unlock();
-}
-
 /* Check rtable for best route to given net whether it would be exported do p */
 int
 rt_examine(rtable *t, net_addr *a, struct channel *c, const struct filter *filter)
@@ -1419,6 +1430,9 @@ rt_request_import(rtable *tab, struct rt_import_request *req)
   hook->req = req;
   hook->table = tab;
 
+  if (!hook->stale_set)
+    hook->stale_set = hook->stale_valid = hook->stale_pruning = hook->stale_pruned = 1;
+
   rt_set_import_state(hook, TIS_UP);
 
   hook->n = (node) {};
@@ -1499,20 +1513,41 @@ rt_stop_export(struct rt_export_request *req, void (*stopped)(struct rt_export_r
  * routes to the routing table (by rte_update()). After that, all protocol
  * routes (more precisely routes with @c as @sender) not sent during the
  * refresh cycle but still in the table from the past are pruned. This is
- * implemented by marking all related routes as stale by REF_STALE flag in
- * rt_refresh_begin(), then marking all related stale routes with REF_DISCARD
- * flag in rt_refresh_end() and then removing such routes in the prune loop.
- */
+ * implemented by setting rte->stale_cycle to req->stale_set in rte_update()
+ * and then dropping all routes with old stale_cycle values in table prune loop. */
 void
-rt_refresh_begin(rtable *t, struct rt_import_request *req)
+rt_refresh_begin(struct rt_import_request *req)
 {
-  FIB_WALK(&t->fib, net, n)
-    {
-      for (struct rte_storage *e = n->routes; e; e = e->next)
-	if (e->rte.sender == req->hook)
-	  e->rte.flags |= REF_STALE;
-    }
-  FIB_WALK_END;
+  struct rt_import_hook *hook = req->hook;
+  ASSERT_DIE(hook);
+
+  ASSERT_DIE(hook->stale_set == hook->stale_valid);
+
+  /* If the pruning routine is too slow */
+  if ((hook->stale_pruned < hook->stale_valid) && (hook->stale_pruned + 128 < hook->stale_valid)
+      || (hook->stale_pruned > hook->stale_valid) && (hook->stale_pruned > hook->stale_valid + 128))
+  {
+    log(L_WARN "Route refresh flood in table %s", hook->table->name);
+    FIB_WALK(&hook->table->fib, net, n)
+      {
+	for (struct rte_storage *e = n->routes; e; e = e->next)
+	  if (e->rte.sender == req->hook)
+	    e->rte.stale_cycle = 0;
+      }
+    FIB_WALK_END;
+    hook->stale_set = 1;
+    hook->stale_valid = 0;
+    hook->stale_pruned = 0;
+  }
+  else if (!++hook->stale_set)
+  {
+    /* Let's reserve the stale_cycle zero value for always-invalid routes */
+    hook->stale_set = 1;
+    hook->stale_valid = 0;
+  }
+
+  if (req->trace_routes & D_STATES)
+    log(L_TRACE "%s: route refresh begin [%u]", req->name, hook->stale_set);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1524,43 +1559,18 @@ rt_refresh_begin(rtable *t, struct rt_import_request *req)
  * hook. See rt_refresh_begin() for description of refresh cycles.
  */
 void
-rt_refresh_end(rtable *t, struct rt_import_request *req)
+rt_refresh_end(struct rt_import_request *req)
 {
-  int prune = 0;
+  struct rt_import_hook *hook = req->hook;
+  ASSERT_DIE(hook);
 
-  FIB_WALK(&t->fib, net, n)
-    {
-      for (struct rte_storage *e = n->routes; e; e = e->next)
-	if ((e->rte.sender == req->hook) && (e->rte.flags & REF_STALE))
-	  {
-	    e->rte.flags |= REF_DISCARD;
-	    prune = 1;
-	  }
-    }
-  FIB_WALK_END;
+  hook->stale_valid++;
+  ASSERT_DIE(hook->stale_set == hook->stale_valid);
 
-  if (prune)
-    rt_schedule_prune(t);
-}
+  rt_schedule_prune(hook->table);
 
-void
-rt_modify_stale(rtable *t, struct rt_import_request *req)
-{
-  int prune = 0;
-
-  FIB_WALK(&t->fib, net, n)
-    {
-      for (struct rte_storage *e = n->routes; e; e = e->next)
-	if ((e->rte.sender == req->hook) && (e->rte.flags & REF_STALE) && !(e->rte.flags & REF_FILTERED))
-	  {
-	    e->rte.flags |= REF_MODIFY;
-	    prune = 1;
-	  }
-    }
-  FIB_WALK_END;
-
-  if (prune)
-    rt_schedule_prune(t);
+  if (req->trace_routes & D_STATES)
+    log(L_TRACE "%s: route refresh end [%u]", req->name, hook->stale_valid);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1613,9 +1623,6 @@ rt_dump_all(void)
 
   WALK_LIST2(t, n, routing_tables, n)
     rt_dump(t);
-
-  WALK_LIST2(t, n, deleted_routing_tables, n)
-    rt_dump(t);
 }
 
 void
@@ -1658,9 +1665,6 @@ rt_dump_hooks_all(void)
 
   WALK_LIST2(t, n, routing_tables, n)
     rt_dump_hooks(t);
-
-  WALK_LIST2(t, n, deleted_routing_tables, n)
-    rt_dump_hooks(t);
 }
 
 static inline void
@@ -1796,9 +1800,7 @@ rt_free(resource *_r)
 
   DBG("Deleting routing table %s\n", r->name);
   ASSERT_DIE(r->use_count == 0);
-
-  if (r->internal)
-    return;
+  ASSERT_DIE(r->deleted);
 
   r->config->table = NULL;
   rem_node(&r->n);
@@ -1853,20 +1855,17 @@ rt_setup(pool *pp, struct rtable_config *cf)
 
   fib_init(&t->fib, p, t->addr_type, sizeof(net), OFFSETOF(net, n), 0, NULL);
 
-  if (!(t->internal = cf->internal))
-  {
-    init_list(&t->imports);
-    init_list(&t->exports);
-    hmap_init(&t->id_map, p, 1024);
-    hmap_set(&t->id_map, 0);
+  init_list(&t->imports);
+  init_list(&t->exports);
+  hmap_init(&t->id_map, p, 1024);
+  hmap_set(&t->id_map, 0);
 
-    init_list(&t->subscribers);
+  init_list(&t->subscribers);
 
-    t->rt_event = ev_new_init(p, rt_event, t);
-    t->last_rt_change = t->gc_time = current_time();
+  t->rt_event = ev_new_init(p, rt_event, t);
+  t->last_rt_change = t->gc_time = current_time();
 
-    t->rl_pipe = (struct tbf) TBF_DEFAULT_LOG_LIMITS;
-  }
+  t->rl_pipe = (struct tbf) TBF_DEFAULT_LOG_LIMITS;
 
   return t;
 }
@@ -1884,7 +1883,6 @@ rt_init(void)
   rt_table_pool = rp_new(&root_pool, "Routing tables");
   rte_update_pool = lp_new_default(rt_table_pool);
   init_list(&routing_tables);
-  init_list(&deleted_routing_tables);
 }
 
 
@@ -1925,6 +1923,13 @@ rt_prune_table(rtable *tab)
     WALK_LIST2(ih, n, tab->imports, n)
       if (ih->import_state == TIS_STOP)
 	rt_set_import_state(ih, TIS_FLUSHING);
+      else if ((ih->stale_valid != ih->stale_pruning) && (ih->stale_pruning == ih->stale_pruned))
+      {
+	ih->stale_pruning = ih->stale_valid;
+
+	if (ih->req->trace_routes & D_STATES)
+	  log(L_TRACE "%s: table prune after refresh begin [%u]", ih->req->name, ih->stale_pruning);
+      }
 
     FIB_ITERATE_INIT(fit, &tab->fib);
     tab->prune_state = 2;
@@ -1936,7 +1941,11 @@ again:
     rescan:
       for (struct rte_storage *e=n->routes; e; e=e->next)
       {
-	if ((e->rte.sender->import_state == TIS_FLUSHING) || (e->rte.flags & REF_DISCARD))
+	struct rt_import_hook *s = e->rte.sender;
+
+	if ((s->import_state == TIS_FLUSHING) ||
+	    (e->rte.stale_cycle < s->stale_valid) ||
+	    (e->rte.stale_cycle > s->stale_set))
 	  {
 	    if (limit <= 0)
 	      {
@@ -1948,21 +1957,6 @@ again:
 	    rte_discard(n, &e->rte);
 	    limit--;
 
-	    goto rescan;
-	  }
-
-	if (e->rte.flags & REF_MODIFY)
-	  {
-	    if (limit <= 0)
-	      {
-		FIB_ITERATE_PUT(fit);
-		ev_schedule(tab->rt_event);
-		return;
-	      }
-
-	    rte_modify(n, &e->rte);
-	    limit--;
-
 	    goto rescan;
 	  }
       }
@@ -1998,6 +1992,13 @@ again:
       mb_free(ih);
       rt_unlock_table(tab);
     }
+    else if (ih->stale_pruning != ih->stale_pruned)
+    {
+      ih->stale_pruned = ih->stale_pruning;
+
+      if (ih->req->trace_routes & D_STATES)
+	log(L_TRACE "%s: table prune after refresh end [%u]", ih->req->name, ih->stale_pruned);
+    }
 }
 
 void
@@ -2204,7 +2205,10 @@ rt_next_hop_update_net(rtable *tab, net *n)
   for (int i=0; i<count; i++)
   {
     _Bool nb = (new == updates[i].new), ob = (old_best == updates[i].old);
-    const char *best_indicator[2][2] = { { "updated", "updated [-best]" }, { "updated [+best]", "updated [best]" } };
+    const char *best_indicator[2][2] = {
+      { "autoupdated", "autoupdated [-best]" },
+      { "autoupdated [+best]", "autoupdated [best]" }
+    };
     rt_rte_trace_in(D_ROUTES, updates[i].new->rte.sender->req, &updates[i].new->rte, best_indicator[nb][ob]);
     rte_announce_i(tab, n, updates[i].new, updates[i].old, new, old_best);
   }
@@ -2308,11 +2312,12 @@ rt_unlock_table(rtable *r)
 {
   if (!--r->use_count && r->deleted)
     {
-      struct config *conf = r->deleted;
+      void *del_data = r->del_data;
+      void (*deleted)(void *) = r->deleted;
 
       /* Delete the routing table by freeing its pool */
       rt_shutdown(r);
-      config_del_obstacle(conf);
+      deleted(del_data);
     }
 }
 
@@ -2323,6 +2328,8 @@ rt_find_table_config(struct config *cf, char *name)
   return (sym && (sym->class == SYM_TABLE)) ? sym->table : NULL;
 }
 
+static void rt_config_del_obstacle(void *data) { config_del_obstacle(data); }
+
 /**
  * rt_commit - commit new routing table configuration
  * @new: new configuration
@@ -2361,9 +2368,10 @@ rt_commit(struct config *new, struct config *old)
 	      else
 		{
 		  DBG("\t%s: deleted\n", o->name);
-		  ot->deleted = old;
-		  config_add_obstacle(old);
 		  rt_lock_table(ot);
+		  ot->deleted = rt_config_del_obstacle;
+		  ot->del_data = old;
+		  config_add_obstacle(old);
 		  rt_unlock_table(ot);
 		}
 	    }
@@ -2441,285 +2449,6 @@ done:
 }
 
 
-/*
- *	Import table
- */
-
-int
-rte_update_in(struct channel *c, const net_addr *n, rte *new, struct rte_src *src)
-{
-  struct rtable *tab = c->in_table;
-  net *net;
-
-  if (new)
-    net = net_get(tab, n);
-  else
-  {
-    net = net_find(tab, n);
-
-    if (!net)
-      goto drop_withdraw;
-  }
-
-  /* Find the old rte */
-  struct rte_storage **pos = rte_find(net, src);
-  if (*pos)
-    {
-      rte *old = &(*pos)->rte;
-      if (new && rte_same(old, new))
-      {
-	/* Refresh the old rte, continue with update to main rtable */
-	if (old->flags & (REF_STALE | REF_DISCARD | REF_MODIFY))
-	{
-	  old->flags &= ~(REF_STALE | REF_DISCARD | REF_MODIFY);
-	  return 1;
-	}
-
-	goto drop_update;
-      }
-
-      if (!new)
-	CHANNEL_LIMIT_POP(c, RX);
-
-      /* Move iterator if needed */
-      if (*pos == c->reload_next_rte)
-	c->reload_next_rte = (*pos)->next;
-
-      /* Remove the old rte */
-      struct rte_storage *del = *pos;
-      *pos = (*pos)->next;
-      rte_free(del, tab);
-      tab->rt_count--;
-    }
-  else if (new)
-    {
-      if (CHANNEL_LIMIT_PUSH(c, RX))
-      {
-	/* Required by rte_trace_in() */
-	new->net = n;
-
-	channel_rte_trace_in(D_FILTERS, c, new, "ignored [limit]");
-	goto drop_update;
-      }
-    }
-  else
-    goto drop_withdraw;
-
-  if (!new)
-  {
-    if (!net->routes)
-      fib_delete(&tab->fib, net);
-
-    return 1;
-  }
-
-  /* Insert the new rte */
-  struct rte_storage *e = rte_store(new, net, tab);
-  e->rte.lastmod = current_time();
-  e->next = *pos;
-  *pos = e;
-  tab->rt_count++;
-  return 1;
-
-drop_update:
-  c->import_stats.updates_received++;
-  c->in_req.hook->stats.updates_ignored++;
-
-  if (!net->routes)
-    fib_delete(&tab->fib, net);
-
-  return 0;
-
-drop_withdraw:
-  c->import_stats.withdraws_received++;
-  c->in_req.hook->stats.withdraws_ignored++;
-  return 0;
-}
-
-int
-rt_reload_channel(struct channel *c)
-{
-  struct rtable *tab = c->in_table;
-  struct fib_iterator *fit = &c->reload_fit;
-  int max_feed = 64;
-
-  ASSERT(c->channel_state == CS_UP);
-
-  if (!c->reload_active)
-  {
-    FIB_ITERATE_INIT(fit, &tab->fib);
-    c->reload_active = 1;
-  }
-
-  do {
-    for (struct rte_storage *e = c->reload_next_rte; e; e = e->next)
-    {
-      if (max_feed-- <= 0)
-      {
-	c->reload_next_rte = e;
-	debug("%s channel reload burst split (max_feed=%d)", c->proto->name, max_feed);
-	return 0;
-      }
-
-      rte r = e->rte;
-      rte_update_direct(c, r.net, &r, r.src);
-    }
-
-    c->reload_next_rte = NULL;
-
-    FIB_ITERATE_START(&tab->fib, fit, net, n)
-    {
-      if (c->reload_next_rte = n->routes)
-      {
-	FIB_ITERATE_PUT_NEXT(fit, &tab->fib);
-	break;
-      }
-    }
-    FIB_ITERATE_END;
-  }
-  while (c->reload_next_rte);
-
-  c->reload_active = 0;
-  return 1;
-}
-
-void
-rt_reload_channel_abort(struct channel *c)
-{
-  if (c->reload_active)
-  {
-    /* Unlink the iterator */
-    fit_get(&c->in_table->fib, &c->reload_fit);
-    c->reload_next_rte = NULL;
-    c->reload_active = 0;
-  }
-}
-
-void
-rt_prune_sync(rtable *t, int all)
-{
-  struct fib_iterator fit;
-
-  FIB_ITERATE_INIT(&fit, &t->fib);
-
-again:
-  FIB_ITERATE_START(&t->fib, &fit, net, n)
-  {
-    struct rte_storage *e, **ee = &n->routes;
-
-    while (e = *ee)
-    {
-      if (all || (e->rte.flags & (REF_STALE | REF_DISCARD)))
-      {
-	*ee = e->next;
-	rte_free(e, t);
-	t->rt_count--;
-      }
-      else
-	ee = &e->next;
-    }
-
-    if (all || !n->routes)
-    {
-      FIB_ITERATE_PUT(&fit);
-      fib_delete(&t->fib, n);
-      goto again;
-    }
-  }
-  FIB_ITERATE_END;
-}
-
-
-/*
- *	Export table
- */
-
-int
-rte_update_out(struct channel *c, const net_addr *n, rte *new, const rte *old0, struct rte_storage **old_exported)
-{
-  struct rtable *tab = c->out_table;
-  struct rte_src *src;
-  net *net;
-
-  if (new)
-  {
-    net = net_get(tab, n);
-    src = new->src;
-  }
-  else
-  {
-    net = net_find(tab, n);
-    src = old0->src;
-
-    if (!net)
-      goto drop;
-  }
-
-  /* Find the old rte */
-  struct rte_storage **pos = (c->ra_mode == RA_ANY) ? rte_find(net, src) : &net->routes;
-  struct rte_storage *old = NULL;
-
-  if (old = *pos)
-  {
-    if (new && rte_same(&(*pos)->rte, new))
-      goto drop;
-
-    /* Remove the old rte */
-    *pos = old->next;
-    *old_exported = old;
-    tab->rt_count--;
-  }
-
-  if (!new)
-  {
-    if (!old)
-      goto drop;
-
-    if (!net->routes)
-      fib_delete(&tab->fib, net);
-
-    return 1;
-  }
-
-  /* Insert the new rte */
-  struct rte_storage *e = rte_store(new, net, tab);
-  e->rte.lastmod = current_time();
-  e->next = *pos;
-  *pos = e;
-  tab->rt_count++;
-  return 1;
-
-drop:
-  return 0;
-}
-
-void
-rt_refeed_channel(struct channel *c)
-{
-  if (!c->out_table)
-  {
-    channel_request_feeding(c);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  ASSERT_DIE(c->ra_mode != RA_ANY);
-
-  c->proto->feed_begin(c, 0);
-
-  FIB_WALK(&c->out_table->fib, net, n)
-  {
-    if (!n->routes)
-      continue;
-
-    rte e = n->routes->rte;
-    c->proto->rt_notify(c->proto, c, n->n.addr, &e, NULL);
-  }
-  FIB_WALK_END;
-
-  c->proto->feed_end(c);
-}
-
-
 /*
  *	Hostcache
  */
diff --git a/proto/bgp/attrs.c b/proto/bgp/attrs.c
index 90490b4f..892b26e3 100644
--- a/proto/bgp/attrs.c
+++ b/proto/bgp/attrs.c
@@ -2267,30 +2267,44 @@ bgp_rte_recalculate(rtable *table, net *net, rte *new, rte *old, rte *old_best)
     return !old_suppressed;
 }
 
-rte *
-bgp_rte_modify_stale(struct rte *r, struct linpool *pool)
+void
+bgp_rte_modify_stale(struct rt_export_request *req, const net_addr *n, struct rt_pending_export *rpe UNUSED, rte **feed, uint count)
 {
-  eattr *ea = ea_find(r->attrs->eattrs, EA_CODE(PROTOCOL_BGP, BA_COMMUNITY));
-  const struct adata *ad = ea ? ea->u.ptr : NULL;
-  uint flags = ea ? ea->flags : BAF_PARTIAL;
+  struct bgp_channel *c = SKIP_BACK(struct bgp_channel, stale_feed, req);
 
-  if (ad && int_set_contains(ad, BGP_COMM_NO_LLGR))
-    return NULL;
+  do {
+    rte *r = feed[--count];
+    if (r->sender != c->c.in_req.hook)
+      continue;
 
-  if (ad && int_set_contains(ad, BGP_COMM_LLGR_STALE))
-    return r;
+    /* A new route, do not mark as stale */
+    if (r->stale_cycle == c->c.in_req.hook->stale_set)
+      continue;
 
-  rta *a = rta_do_cow(r->attrs, pool);
-  
-  _Thread_local static rte e0;
-  e0 = *r;
-  e0.attrs = a;
+    eattr *ea = ea_find(r->attrs->eattrs, EA_CODE(PROTOCOL_BGP, BA_COMMUNITY));
+    const struct adata *ad = ea ? ea->u.ptr : NULL;
+    uint flags = ea ? ea->flags : BAF_PARTIAL;
 
-  bgp_set_attr_ptr(&(a->eattrs), pool, BA_COMMUNITY, flags,
-		   int_set_add(pool, ad, BGP_COMM_LLGR_STALE));
-  e0.pflags |= BGP_REF_STALE;
+    rte e0 = *r;
+    e0.flags |= REF_USE_STALE;
 
-  return &e0;
+    if (ad && int_set_contains(ad, BGP_COMM_NO_LLGR))
+      rte_import(&c->c.in_req, n, NULL, r->src);
+
+    else if (ad && int_set_contains(ad, BGP_COMM_LLGR_STALE))
+      rte_import(&c->c.in_req, n, &e0, r->src);
+
+    else {
+      rta *a = e0.attrs = rta_do_cow(r->attrs, bgp_linpool);
+
+      bgp_set_attr_ptr(&(a->eattrs), bgp_linpool, BA_COMMUNITY, flags,
+	  int_set_add(bgp_linpool, ad, BGP_COMM_LLGR_STALE));
+      e0.pflags |= BGP_REF_STALE;
+
+      rte_import(&c->c.in_req, n, &e0, r->src);
+      lp_flush(bgp_linpool);
+    }
+  } while (count);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/proto/bgp/bgp.c b/proto/bgp/bgp.c
index 78c36bc7..35e9ea59 100644
--- a/proto/bgp/bgp.c
+++ b/proto/bgp/bgp.c
@@ -140,6 +140,15 @@ static void bgp_update_bfd(struct bgp_proto *p, const struct bfd_options *bfd);
 static int bgp_incoming_connection(sock *sk, uint dummy UNUSED);
 static void bgp_listen_sock_err(sock *sk UNUSED, int err);
 
+static void bgp_graceful_restart_feed(struct bgp_channel *c);
+static inline void channel_refresh_end_reload(struct channel *c)
+{
+  channel_refresh_end(c);
+
+  if (c->in_table)
+    channel_request_reload(c);
+}
+
 /**
  * bgp_open - open a BGP instance
  * @p: BGP instance
@@ -775,25 +784,25 @@ bgp_handle_graceful_restart(struct bgp_proto *p)
       {
       case BGP_GRS_NONE:
 	c->gr_active = BGP_GRS_ACTIVE;
-	rt_refresh_begin(c->c.table, &c->c.in_req);
+	channel_refresh_begin(&c->c);
 	break;
 
       case BGP_GRS_ACTIVE:
-	rt_refresh_end(c->c.table, &c->c.in_req);
-	rt_refresh_begin(c->c.table, &c->c.in_req);
+	channel_refresh_end(&c->c);
+	channel_refresh_begin(&c->c);
 	break;
 
       case BGP_GRS_LLGR:
-	rt_refresh_begin(c->c.table, &c->c.in_req);
-	rt_modify_stale(c->c.table, &c->c.in_req);
+	channel_refresh_begin(&c->c);
+	bgp_graceful_restart_feed(c);
 	break;
       }
     }
     else
     {
       /* Just flush the routes */
-      rt_refresh_begin(c->c.table, &c->c.in_req);
-      rt_refresh_end(c->c.table, &c->c.in_req);
+      channel_refresh_begin(&c->c);
+      channel_refresh_end(&c->c);
     }
 
     /* Reset bucket and prefix tables */
@@ -811,6 +820,50 @@ bgp_handle_graceful_restart(struct bgp_proto *p)
   tm_start(p->gr_timer, p->conn->remote_caps->gr_time S);
 }
 
+static void
+bgp_graceful_restart_feed_done(struct rt_export_request *req)
+{
+  req->hook = NULL;
+}
+
+static void
+bgp_graceful_restart_feed_dump_req(struct rt_export_request *req)
+{
+  struct bgp_channel *c = SKIP_BACK(struct bgp_channel, stale_feed, req);
+  debug("  BGP-GR %s.%s export request %p\n", c->c.proto->name, c->c.name, req);
+}
+
+static void
+bgp_graceful_restart_feed_log_state_change(struct rt_export_request *req, u8 state)
+{
+  struct bgp_channel *c = SKIP_BACK(struct bgp_channel, stale_feed, req);
+  struct bgp_proto *p = (void *) c->c.proto;
+  BGP_TRACE(D_EVENTS, "Long-lived graceful restart export state changed to %s", rt_export_state_name(state));
+
+  if (state == TES_READY)
+    rt_stop_export(req, bgp_graceful_restart_feed_done);
+}
+
+static void
+bgp_graceful_restart_drop_export(struct rt_export_request *req UNUSED, const net_addr *n UNUSED, struct rt_pending_export *rpe UNUSED)
+{ /* Nothing to do */ }
+
+static void
+bgp_graceful_restart_feed(struct bgp_channel *c)
+{
+  c->stale_feed = (struct rt_export_request) {
+    .name = "BGP-GR",
+    .trace_routes = c->c.debug | c->c.proto->debug,
+    .dump_req = bgp_graceful_restart_feed_dump_req,
+    .log_state_change = bgp_graceful_restart_feed_log_state_change,
+    .export_bulk = bgp_rte_modify_stale,
+    .export_one = bgp_graceful_restart_drop_export,
+  };
+
+  rt_request_export(c->c.table, &c->stale_feed);
+}
+
+
 /**
  * bgp_graceful_restart_done - finish active BGP graceful restart
  * @c: BGP channel
@@ -833,8 +886,11 @@ bgp_graceful_restart_done(struct bgp_channel *c)
   if (!p->gr_active_num)
     BGP_TRACE(D_EVENTS, "Neighbor graceful restart done");
 
+  if (c->stale_feed.hook)
+    rt_stop_export(&c->stale_feed, bgp_graceful_restart_feed_done);
+
   tm_stop(c->stale_timer);
-  rt_refresh_end(c->c.table, &c->c.in_req);
+  channel_refresh_end_reload(&c->c);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -876,7 +932,7 @@ bgp_graceful_restart_timeout(timer *t)
       /* Channel is in GR, and supports LLGR -> start LLGR */
       c->gr_active = BGP_GRS_LLGR;
       tm_start(c->stale_timer, c->stale_time S);
-      rt_modify_stale(c->c.table, &c->c.in_req);
+      bgp_graceful_restart_feed(c);
     }
   }
   else
@@ -914,10 +970,7 @@ bgp_refresh_begin(struct bgp_channel *c)
   { log(L_WARN "%s: BEGIN-OF-RR received before END-OF-RIB, ignoring", p->p.name); return; }
 
   c->load_state = BFS_REFRESHING;
-  rt_refresh_begin(c->c.table, &c->c.in_req);
-
-  if (c->c.in_table)
-    rt_refresh_begin(c->c.in_table, &c->c.in_req);
+  channel_refresh_begin(&c->c);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -938,10 +991,7 @@ bgp_refresh_end(struct bgp_channel *c)
   { log(L_WARN "%s: END-OF-RR received without prior BEGIN-OF-RR, ignoring", p->p.name); return; }
 
   c->load_state = BFS_NONE;
-  rt_refresh_end(c->c.table, &c->c.in_req);
-
-  if (c->c.in_table)
-    rt_prune_sync(c->c.in_table, 0);
+  channel_refresh_end_reload(&c->c);
 }
 
 
@@ -1408,12 +1458,9 @@ bgp_reload_routes(struct channel *C)
   struct bgp_proto *p = (void *) C->proto;
   struct bgp_channel *c = (void *) C;
 
-  ASSERT(p->conn && (p->route_refresh || c->c.in_table));
+  ASSERT(p->conn && (p->route_refresh));
 
-  if (c->c.in_table)
-    channel_schedule_reload(C);
-  else
-    bgp_schedule_packet(p->conn, c, PKT_ROUTE_REFRESH);
+  bgp_schedule_packet(p->conn, c, PKT_ROUTE_REFRESH);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1693,7 +1740,6 @@ bgp_init(struct proto_config *CF)
   P->rte_better = bgp_rte_better;
   P->rte_mergable = bgp_rte_mergable;
   P->rte_recalculate = cf->deterministic_med ? bgp_rte_recalculate : NULL;
-  P->rte_modify = bgp_rte_modify_stale;
   P->rte_igp_metric = bgp_rte_igp_metric;
 
   p->cf = cf;
@@ -1756,7 +1802,7 @@ bgp_channel_start(struct channel *C)
   bgp_init_prefix_table(c);
 
   if (c->cf->import_table)
-    channel_setup_in_table(C);
+    channel_setup_in_table(C, 0);
 
   if (c->cf->export_table)
     channel_setup_out_table(C);
diff --git a/proto/bgp/bgp.h b/proto/bgp/bgp.h
index c79dd1b2..342dc023 100644
--- a/proto/bgp/bgp.h
+++ b/proto/bgp/bgp.h
@@ -366,6 +366,7 @@ struct bgp_channel {
 
   timer *stale_timer;			/* Long-lived stale timer for LLGR */
   u32 stale_time;			/* Stored LLGR stale time from last session */
+  struct rt_export_request stale_feed;	/* Feeder request for stale route modification */
 
   u8 add_path_rx;			/* Session expects receive of ADD-PATH extended NLRI */
   u8 add_path_tx;			/* Session expects transmit of ADD-PATH extended NLRI */
@@ -585,7 +586,7 @@ void bgp_free_prefix(struct bgp_channel *c, struct bgp_prefix *bp);
 int bgp_rte_better(struct rte *, struct rte *);
 int bgp_rte_mergable(rte *pri, rte *sec);
 int bgp_rte_recalculate(rtable *table, net *net, rte *new, rte *old, rte *old_best);
-struct rte *bgp_rte_modify_stale(struct rte *r, struct linpool *pool);
+void bgp_rte_modify_stale(struct rt_export_request *, const net_addr *, struct rt_pending_export *, rte **, uint);
 u32 bgp_rte_igp_metric(struct rte *);
 void bgp_rt_notify(struct proto *P, struct channel *C, const net_addr *n, rte *new, const rte *old);
 int bgp_preexport(struct channel *, struct rte *);
diff --git a/proto/bgp/packets.c b/proto/bgp/packets.c
index f1e6d7d2..647551e5 100644
--- a/proto/bgp/packets.c
+++ b/proto/bgp/packets.c
@@ -2695,7 +2695,7 @@ bgp_rx_route_refresh(struct bgp_conn *conn, byte *pkt, uint len)
   {
   case BGP_RR_REQUEST:
     BGP_TRACE(D_PACKETS, "Got ROUTE-REFRESH");
-    rt_refeed_channel(&c->c);
+    channel_request_feeding(&c->c);
     break;
 
   case BGP_RR_BEGIN:
diff --git a/proto/rpki/packets.c b/proto/rpki/packets.c
index 943485d7..897edc09 100644
--- a/proto/rpki/packets.c
+++ b/proto/rpki/packets.c
@@ -661,9 +661,9 @@ rpki_handle_cache_response_pdu(struct rpki_cache *cache, const struct pdu_cache_
        * a refresh cycle.
        */
       if (cache->p->roa4_channel)
-	rt_refresh_begin(cache->p->roa4_channel->table, &cache->p->roa4_channel->in_req);
+	rt_refresh_begin(&cache->p->roa4_channel->in_req);
       if (cache->p->roa6_channel)
-	rt_refresh_begin(cache->p->roa6_channel->table, &cache->p->roa6_channel->in_req);
+	rt_refresh_begin(&cache->p->roa6_channel->in_req);
 
       cache->p->refresh_channels = 1;
     }
@@ -819,9 +819,9 @@ rpki_handle_end_of_data_pdu(struct rpki_cache *cache, const struct pdu_end_of_da
   {
     cache->p->refresh_channels = 0;
     if (cache->p->roa4_channel)
-      rt_refresh_end(cache->p->roa4_channel->table, &cache->p->roa4_channel->in_req);
+      rt_refresh_end(&cache->p->roa4_channel->in_req);
     if (cache->p->roa6_channel)
-      rt_refresh_end(cache->p->roa6_channel->table, &cache->p->roa6_channel->in_req);
+      rt_refresh_end(&cache->p->roa6_channel->in_req);
   }
 
   cache->last_update = current_time();
diff --git a/sysdep/unix/krt.c b/sysdep/unix/krt.c
index 40a58442..609ee921 100644
--- a/sysdep/unix/krt.c
+++ b/sysdep/unix/krt.c
@@ -285,249 +285,24 @@ krt_metric(rte *a)
 }
 
 static inline int
-krt_same_key(rte *a, rte *b)
+krt_rte_better(rte *a, rte *b)
 {
-  return (krt_metric(a) == krt_metric(b));
-}
-
-static inline int
-krt_uptodate(rte *a, rte *b)
-{
-  return (a->attrs == b->attrs);
-}
-
-static void
-krt_learn_announce_update(struct krt_proto *p, rte *e)
-{
-  rte e0 = {
-    .attrs = rta_clone(e->attrs),
-    .src = p->p.main_source,
-  };
-
-  rte_update(p->p.main_channel, e->net, &e0, p->p.main_source);
-}
-
-static void
-krt_learn_announce_delete(struct krt_proto *p, net_addr *n)
-{
-  rte_update(p->p.main_channel, n, NULL, p->p.main_source);
+  return (krt_metric(a) > krt_metric(b));
 }
 
 /* Called when alien route is discovered during scan */
 static void
-krt_learn_scan(struct krt_proto *p, rte *e)
+krt_learn_rte(struct krt_proto *p, rte *e)
 {
-  net *n = net_get(p->krt_table, e->net);
-  struct rte_storage *m, **mm;
-
-  struct rte_storage *ee = rte_store(e, n, p->krt_table);
-
-  for(mm = &n->routes; m = *mm; mm = &m->next)
-    if (krt_same_key(&m->rte, e))
-      break;
-  if (m)
-    {
-      if (krt_uptodate(&m->rte, e))
-	{
-	  krt_trace_in_rl(&rl_alien, p, e, "[alien] seen");
-	  rte_free(ee, p->krt_table);
-	  m->rte.pflags |= KRT_REF_SEEN;
-	}
-      else
-	{
-	  krt_trace_in(p, e, "[alien] updated");
-	  *mm = m->next;
-	  rte_free(m, p->krt_table);
-	  m = NULL;
-	}
-    }
-  else
-    krt_trace_in(p, e, "[alien] created");
-
-  if (!m)
-    {
-      ee->next = n->routes;
-      n->routes = ee;
-      ee->rte.pflags |= KRT_REF_SEEN;
-    }
-}
-
-static void
-krt_learn_prune(struct krt_proto *p)
-{
-  struct fib *fib = &p->krt_table->fib;
-  struct fib_iterator fit;
-
-  KRT_TRACE(p, D_EVENTS, "Pruning inherited routes");
-
-  FIB_ITERATE_INIT(&fit, fib);
-again:
-  FIB_ITERATE_START(fib, &fit, net, n)
-    {
-      struct rte_storage *e, **ee, *best, **pbest, *old_best;
-
-      /*
-       * Note that old_best may be NULL even if there was an old best route in
-       * the previous step, because it might be replaced in krt_learn_scan().
-       * But in that case there is a new valid best route.
-       */
-
-      old_best = NULL;
-      best = NULL;
-      pbest = NULL;
-      ee = &n->routes;
-      while (e = *ee)
-	{
-	  if (e->rte.pflags & KRT_REF_BEST)
-	    old_best = e;
-
-	  if (!(e->rte.pflags & KRT_REF_SEEN))
-	    {
-	      *ee = e->next;
-	      rte_free(e, p->krt_table);
-	      continue;
-	    }
-
-	  if (!best || krt_metric(&best->rte) > krt_metric(&e->rte))
-	    {
-	      best = e;
-	      pbest = ee;
-	    }
-
-	  e->rte.pflags &= ~(KRT_REF_SEEN | KRT_REF_BEST);
-	  ee = &e->next;
-	}
-      if (!n->routes)
-	{
-	  DBG("%I/%d: deleting\n", n->n.prefix, n->n.pxlen);
-	  if (old_best)
-	    krt_learn_announce_delete(p, n->n.addr);
-
-	  FIB_ITERATE_PUT(&fit);
-	  fib_delete(fib, n);
-	  goto again;
-	}
-
-      best->rte.pflags |= KRT_REF_BEST;
-      *pbest = best->next;
-      best->next = n->routes;
-      n->routes = best;
-
-      if ((best != old_best) || p->reload)
-	{
-	  DBG("%I/%d: announcing (metric=%d)\n", n->n.prefix, n->n.pxlen, krt_metric(&best->rte));
-	  krt_learn_announce_update(p, &best->rte);
-	}
-      else
-	DBG("%I/%d: uptodate (metric=%d)\n", n->n.prefix, n->n.pxlen, krt_metric(&best->rte));
-    }
-  FIB_ITERATE_END;
-
-  p->reload = 0;
-}
-
-static void
-krt_learn_async(struct krt_proto *p, rte *e, int new)
-{
-  net *n = net_get(p->krt_table, e->net);
-  struct rte_storage *g, **gg, *best, **bestp, *old_best;
-
-  ASSERT(!e->attrs->cached);
-  e->attrs->pref = p->p.main_channel->preference;
-
-  struct rte_storage *ee = rte_store(e, n, p->krt_table);
-
-  old_best = n->routes;
-  for(gg=&n->routes; g = *gg; gg = &g->next)
-    if (krt_same_key(&g->rte, e))
-      break;
-  if (new)
-    {
-      if (g)
-	{
-	  if (krt_uptodate(&g->rte, e))
-	    {
-	      krt_trace_in(p, e, "[alien async] same");
-	      rte_free(ee, p->krt_table);
-	      return;
-	    }
-	  krt_trace_in(p, e, "[alien async] updated");
-	  *gg = g->next;
-	  rte_free(g, p->krt_table);
-	}
-      else
-	krt_trace_in(p, e, "[alien async] created");
-
-      ee->next = n->routes;
-      n->routes = ee;
-    }
-  else if (!g)
-    {
-      krt_trace_in(p, e, "[alien async] delete failed");
-      rte_free(ee, p->krt_table);
-      return;
-    }
-  else
-    {
-      krt_trace_in(p, e, "[alien async] removed");
-      *gg = g->next;
-      rte_free(ee, p->krt_table);
-      rte_free(g, p->krt_table);
-    }
-  best = n->routes;
-  bestp = &n->routes;
-  for(gg=&n->routes; g=*gg; gg=&g->next)
-  {
-    if (krt_metric(&best->rte) > krt_metric(&g->rte))
-      {
-	best = g;
-	bestp = gg;
-      }
-
-    g->rte.pflags &= ~KRT_REF_BEST;
-  }
-
-  if (best)
-    {
-      best->rte.pflags |= KRT_REF_BEST;
-      *bestp = best->next;
-      best->next = n->routes;
-      n->routes = best;
-    }
-
-  if (best != old_best)
-    {
-      DBG("krt_learn_async: distributing change\n");
-      if (best)
-	krt_learn_announce_update(p, &best->rte);
-      else
-	krt_learn_announce_delete(p, n->n.addr);
-    }
+  e->src = rt_get_source(&p->p, krt_metric(e));
+  rte_update(p->p.main_channel, e->net, e, e->src);
 }
 
 static void
 krt_learn_init(struct krt_proto *p)
 {
   if (KRT_CF->learn)
-  {
-    struct rtable_config *cf = mb_allocz(p->p.pool, sizeof(struct rtable_config));
-    cf->name = "Inherited";
-    cf->addr_type = p->p.net_type;
-    cf->internal = 1;
-
-    p->krt_table = rt_setup(p->p.pool, cf);
-  }
-}
-
-static void
-krt_dump(struct proto *P)
-{
-  struct krt_proto *p = (struct krt_proto *) P;
-
-  if (!KRT_CF->learn)
-    return;
-  debug("KRT: Table of inheritable routes\n");
-  rt_dump(p->krt_table);
+    channel_setup_in_table(p->p.main_channel, 1);
 }
 
 #endif
@@ -547,7 +322,7 @@ rte_feed_count(net *n)
 {
   uint count = 0;
   for (struct rte_storage *e = n->routes; e; e = e->next)
-    if (rte_is_valid(RTE_OR_NULL(e)))
+    if (rte_is_valid(RTES_OR_NULL(e)))
       count++;
   return count;
 }
@@ -557,7 +332,7 @@ rte_feed_obtain(net *n, rte **feed, uint count)
 {
   uint i = 0;
   for (struct rte_storage *e = n->routes; e; e = e->next)
-    if (rte_is_valid(RTE_OR_NULL(e)))
+    if (rte_is_valid(RTES_OR_NULL(e)))
     {
       ASSERT_DIE(i < count);
       feed[i++] = &e->rte;
@@ -643,7 +418,7 @@ krt_got_route(struct krt_proto *p, rte *e, s8 src)
 
     case  KRT_SRC_ALIEN:
       if (KRT_CF->learn)
-	krt_learn_scan(p, e);
+	krt_learn_rte(p, e);
       else
 	krt_trace_in_rl(&rl_alien, p, e, "[alien] ignored");
       return;
@@ -712,6 +487,11 @@ static void
 krt_init_scan(struct krt_proto *p)
 {
   bmap_reset(&p->seen_map, 1024);
+
+#ifdef KRT_ALLOW_LEARN
+  if (KRT_CF->learn)
+    channel_refresh_begin(p->p.main_channel);
+#endif
 }
 
 static void
@@ -739,7 +519,7 @@ krt_prune(struct krt_proto *p)
 
 #ifdef KRT_ALLOW_LEARN
   if (KRT_CF->learn)
-    krt_learn_prune(p);
+    channel_refresh_end(p->p.main_channel);
 #endif
 
   if (p->ready)
@@ -781,7 +561,7 @@ krt_got_route_async(struct krt_proto *p, rte *e, int new, s8 src)
     case KRT_SRC_ALIEN:
       if (KRT_CF->learn)
 	{
-	  krt_learn_async(p, e, new);
+	  krt_learn_rte(p, e);
 	  return;
 	}
 #endif
@@ -1027,6 +807,7 @@ krt_init(struct proto_config *CF)
   p->p.if_notify = krt_if_notify;
   p->p.reload_routes = krt_reload_routes;
   p->p.feed_end = krt_feed_end;
+  p->p.rte_better = krt_rte_better;
 
   krt_sys_init(p);
   return &p->p;
@@ -1182,7 +963,4 @@ struct protocol proto_unix_kernel = {
   .reconfigure =	krt_reconfigure,
   .copy_config =	krt_copy_config,
   .get_attr =		krt_get_attr,
-#ifdef KRT_ALLOW_LEARN
-  .dump =		krt_dump,
-#endif
 };
diff --git a/sysdep/unix/krt.h b/sysdep/unix/krt.h
index f6ad6fde..968c5b16 100644
--- a/sysdep/unix/krt.h
+++ b/sysdep/unix/krt.h
@@ -51,10 +51,6 @@ struct krt_proto {
   struct proto p;
   struct krt_state sys;		/* Sysdep state */
 
-#ifdef KRT_ALLOW_LEARN
-  struct rtable *krt_table;	/* Internal table of inherited routes */
-#endif
-
 #ifndef CONFIG_ALL_TABLES_AT_ONCE
   timer *scan_timer;
 #endif