bird/sysdep/unix/alloc.c

/*
 *	BIRD Internet Routing Daemon -- Raw allocation
 *
 *	(c) 2020  Maria Matejka <mq@ucw.cz>
 *
 *	Can be freely distributed and used under the terms of the GNU GPL.
 */

#include "nest/bird.h"
#include "lib/resource.h"
#include "lib/lists.h"
#include "lib/event.h"
#include "lib/io-loop.h"

#include "conf/conf.h"

#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#ifdef HAVE_MALLOC_H
# include <malloc.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_MMAP
# include <sys/mman.h>
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_DISABLE_THP
# include <sys/prctl.h>
# ifndef PR_SET_THP_DISABLE
#   define PR_SET_THP_DISABLE 41
# endif
#endif

long page_size = 0;

#ifdef HAVE_MMAP
# define KEEP_PAGES_MAX	16384
# define KEEP_PAGES_MIN	32
# define KEEP_PAGES_MAX_LOCAL	128
# define ALLOC_PAGES_AT_ONCE	32

  STATIC_ASSERT(KEEP_PAGES_MIN * 4 < KEEP_PAGES_MAX);
  STATIC_ASSERT(ALLOC_PAGES_AT_ONCE < KEEP_PAGES_MAX_LOCAL);

  static bool use_fake = 0;
  static bool initialized = 0;

# define PROTECT_PAGE(pg)
# define UNPROTECT_PAGE(pg)

# if DEBUGGING
#   ifdef ENABLE_EXPENSIVE_CHECKS
#     undef PROTECT_PAGE
#     undef UNPROTECT_PAGE
#     define PROTECT_PAGE(pg)	mprotect((pg), page_size, PROT_READ)
#     define UNPROTECT_PAGE(pg)	mprotect((pg), page_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE)
#   endif

#   define AJSIZE	16384

    static struct alloc_journal {
      void *fp;
      void *next;
      u16 pos;
      u16 type;
      uint thread_id;
    } alloc_journal[AJSIZE];

    _Thread_local int alloc_journal_local_pos = -1;
    _Atomic int alloc_journal_pos = 0;

#   define AJT_ALLOC_LOCAL_HOT		1
#   define AJT_ALLOC_GLOBAL_HOT		2
#   define AJT_ALLOC_COLD_KEEPER	4
#   define AJT_ALLOC_MMAP		5

#   define AJT_FREE_LOCAL_HOT		0x11
#   define AJT_FREE_GLOBAL_HOT		0x12

#   define AJT_CLEANUP_NOTHING		0xc0
#   define AJT_CLEANUP_COLD_STD		0xc3
#   define AJT_CLEANUP_COLD_KEEPER	0xc4
#   define AJT_CLEANUP_BEGIN		0xcb
#   define AJT_CLEANUP_END		0xce

#   define AJT_FLUSH_COLD		0xfc
#   define AJT_FLUSH_LOCAL_BEGIN	0xfb
#   define AJT_FLUSH_LOCAL_END		0xfe
#   define AJT_SCHEDULE_CLEANUP		0xff

    static void
    ajlog(void *fp, void *next, u16 pos, u16 type)
    {
      alloc_journal[(alloc_journal_local_pos = atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&alloc_journal_pos, 1, memory_order_relaxed)) % AJSIZE] = (struct alloc_journal) {
	.fp = fp,
	.next = next,
	.pos = pos,
	.type = type,
	.thread_id = THIS_THREAD_ID,
      };

#if 0
      log(L_TRACE "ajlog %s: %p, %p, %u, %u",
	  (type < 0x10) ? "alloc" : (type < 0x20) ? "free" :
	  (type < 0xcf) ? "cleanup" : "flush",
	  fp, next, pos, type);
#endif

    }

    struct free_page {
      node unused[42];
      struct free_page * _Atomic next;
    };
# else /* ! DEBUGGING */

#   define ajlog(...)

    struct free_page {
      struct free_page * _Atomic next;
    };

# endif

# define WRITE_NEXT(pg, val)	do { UNPROTECT_PAGE((pg)); (pg)->next = (val); PROTECT_PAGE((pg)); } while (0)

# define EP_POS_MAX	((page_size - OFFSETOF(struct empty_pages, pages)) / sizeof (void *))

  struct empty_pages {
    struct empty_pages *next;
    uint pos;
    void *pages[0];
  };

  static DOMAIN(resource) empty_pages_domain;
  static struct empty_pages *empty_pages = NULL;
  _Atomic int pages_kept_cold = 0;
  _Atomic int pages_kept_cold_index = 0;
  _Atomic int pages_total = 0;
  _Atomic int alloc_locking_in_rcu = 0;

  static struct free_page * _Atomic page_stack = NULL;
  static _Thread_local struct free_page * local_page_stack = NULL;
  static struct free_page page_stack_blocked;

  /* Try to replace the page stack head with a cork, until it succeeds. */
# define PAGE_STACK_GET	({ \
    struct free_page *fp; \
    while ((fp = atomic_exchange_explicit(&page_stack, &page_stack_blocked, memory_order_acq_rel)) == &page_stack_blocked) birdloop_yield(); \
    fp; })
  /* Reinstate the stack with another value */
# define PAGE_STACK_PUT(val)	ASSERT_DIE(atomic_exchange_explicit(&page_stack, (val), memory_order_acq_rel) == &page_stack_blocked)

  static void page_cleanup(void *);
  static event page_cleanup_event = { .hook = page_cleanup, };
# define SCHEDULE_CLEANUP  do if (initialized && !shutting_down) ev_send(&global_event_list, &page_cleanup_event); while (0)

  _Atomic int pages_kept = 0;
  _Atomic int pages_kept_locally = 0;
  static _Thread_local int pages_kept_here = 0;

  static void *
  alloc_sys_page(void)
  {
    void *ptr = mmap(NULL, page_size * ALLOC_PAGES_AT_ONCE, PROT_WRITE | PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);

    if (ptr == MAP_FAILED)
      die("mmap(%ld) failed: %m", (s64) page_size);

    atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&pages_total, ALLOC_PAGES_AT_ONCE, memory_order_acq_rel);
    return ptr;
  }

  extern int shutting_down; /* Shutdown requested. */

#else // ! HAVE_MMAP
# define use_fake  1
#endif

#define ALLOC_TRACE(fmt...) do { \
  if (atomic_load_explicit(&global_runtime, memory_order_relaxed)->latency_debug & DL_ALLOCATOR) log(L_TRACE "Allocator: " fmt, ##fmt); } while (0)


static void *
alloc_hot_page(struct free_page *fp) {
  if (fp = PAGE_STACK_GET)
  {
    /* Reinstate the stack with the next page in list */
    PAGE_STACK_PUT(atomic_load_explicit(&fp->next, memory_order_relaxed));

    /* Update the counters */
    UNUSED uint pk = atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(&pages_kept, 1, memory_order_relaxed);

    /* Release the page */
    UNPROTECT_PAGE(fp);
    ajlog(fp, atomic_load_explicit(&fp->next, memory_order_relaxed), pk, AJT_ALLOC_GLOBAL_HOT);
    return fp;
  }
  /* Reinstate the stack with zero */
  PAGE_STACK_PUT(NULL);
  return NULL;
}

void *
alloc_page(void)
{
  /* If the system page allocator is goofy, we use posix_memalign to get aligned blocks of memory. */
  if (use_fake)
  {
    atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&pages_total, 1, memory_order_acq_rel);
    void *ptr = NULL;
    int err = posix_memalign(&ptr, page_size, page_size);

    if (err || !ptr)
      die("posix_memalign(%ld) failed", (s64) page_size);

    return ptr;
  }

#ifdef HAVE_MMAP
  /* If there is any free page kept hot in this thread, we use it. */
  struct free_page *fp = local_page_stack;
  if (fp)
  {
    local_page_stack = atomic_load_explicit(&fp->next, memory_order_relaxed);
    atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(&pages_kept_locally, 1, memory_order_relaxed);
    pages_kept_here--;
    UNPROTECT_PAGE(fp);
    ajlog(fp, local_page_stack, pages_kept_here, AJT_ALLOC_LOCAL_HOT);
    return fp;
  }

  ASSERT_DIE(pages_kept_here == 0);

  /* If there is any free page kept hot in global storage, we use it. */
  if (fp = alloc_hot_page(fp))
    return fp;

  if (rcu_read_active())
  {
    /* We shouldn't alloc when rcu is active but that's a quest for another day. */
    atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&alloc_locking_in_rcu, 1, memory_order_relaxed);
  }

  /* If there is any free page kept cold, we warm up some of these. */
  LOCK_DOMAIN(resource, empty_pages_domain);

  /* Threads were serialized on lock and the first one might have prepared some
   * blocks for the rest of threads */
  if (fp = alloc_hot_page(fp))
  {
    UNLOCK_DOMAIN(resource, empty_pages_domain);
    return fp;
  }

  if (empty_pages) {
    UNPROTECT_PAGE(empty_pages);

    /* We flush all the pages in this block to the hot page cache
     * and return the keeper page as allocated. */
    if (empty_pages->pos)
    {
      /* Link one after another */
      for (uint i = 0; i < empty_pages->pos - 1; i++)
      {
	ajlog(empty_pages->pages[i], empty_pages, empty_pages->pos, AJT_FLUSH_COLD);
	atomic_store_explicit(
	    &((struct free_page *) empty_pages->pages[i])->next,
	    empty_pages->pages[i+1],
	    memory_order_relaxed);
      }

      /* And put into the hot page cache */
      atomic_store_explicit(
	  &((struct free_page *) empty_pages->pages[empty_pages->pos - 1])->next,
	  PAGE_STACK_GET,
	  memory_order_release);
      PAGE_STACK_PUT(empty_pages->pages[0]);

      /* Update counters */
      atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(&pages_kept_cold, empty_pages->pos, memory_order_relaxed);
      atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&pages_kept, empty_pages->pos, memory_order_relaxed);
    }

    /* We can then reuse the old keeper page. */
    /* Or the keeper page has no more cold page pointer, return the keeper page */
    fp = (struct free_page *) empty_pages;
    empty_pages = empty_pages->next;
    ajlog(fp, empty_pages, 0, AJT_ALLOC_COLD_KEEPER);
    atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(&pages_kept_cold_index, 1, memory_order_relaxed);

    if (!empty_pages)
      ALLOC_TRACE("Taken last page from cold storage");
  }
  UNLOCK_DOMAIN(resource, empty_pages_domain);

  if (fp)
    return fp;

  /* And in the worst case, allocate some new pages by mmap() */
  void *ptr = alloc_sys_page();
  ajlog(ptr, NULL, 0, AJT_ALLOC_MMAP);

  for (int i=1; i<ALLOC_PAGES_AT_ONCE; i++)
    free_page(ptr + page_size * i);

  return ptr;
#endif
}

void
free_page(void *ptr)
{
  /* If the system page allocator is goofy, we just free the block and care no more. */
  if (use_fake)
  {
    atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(&pages_total, 1, memory_order_acq_rel);
    free(ptr);
    return;
  }

#ifdef HAVE_MMAP
  /* We primarily try to keep the pages locally. */
  struct free_page *fp = ptr;
  if (pages_kept_here < KEEP_PAGES_MAX_LOCAL)
  {
    struct free_page *next = local_page_stack;
    atomic_store_explicit(&fp->next, next, memory_order_relaxed);
    PROTECT_PAGE(fp);
    local_page_stack = fp;

    atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&pages_kept_locally, 1, memory_order_relaxed);
    pages_kept_here++;
    ajlog(fp, next, pages_kept_here, AJT_FREE_LOCAL_HOT);
    return;
  }

  /* If there are too many local pages, we add the free page to the global hot-free-page list */
  struct free_page *next = PAGE_STACK_GET;
  atomic_store_explicit(&fp->next, next, memory_order_relaxed);
  PROTECT_PAGE(fp);

  /* Unblock the stack with the page being freed */
  PAGE_STACK_PUT(fp);

  /* Update counters */
  uint pk = atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&pages_kept, 1, memory_order_relaxed);
  ajlog(fp, next, pk, AJT_FREE_GLOBAL_HOT);

  /* And if there are too many global hot free pages, we ask for page cleanup */
  if (pk >= KEEP_PAGES_MAX)
    SCHEDULE_CLEANUP;
#endif
}

/* When the routine is going to sleep for a long time, we flush the local
 * hot page cache to not keep dirty pages for nothing. */
void
flush_local_pages(void)
{
  if (use_fake || !local_page_stack || shutting_down)
    return;

  ajlog(local_page_stack, NULL, pages_kept_here, AJT_FLUSH_LOCAL_BEGIN);

  /* We first count the pages to enable consistency checking.
   * Also, we need to know the last page. */
  struct free_page *last = local_page_stack, *next;
  int check_count = 1;
  while (next = atomic_load_explicit(&last->next, memory_order_relaxed))
  {
    check_count++;
    last = next;
  }

  /* The actual number of pages must be equal to the counter value. */
  ASSERT_DIE(check_count == pages_kept_here);

  /* Block the stack by a cork */
  UNPROTECT_PAGE(last);
  atomic_store_explicit(&last->next, PAGE_STACK_GET, memory_order_relaxed);
  PROTECT_PAGE(last);

  /* Update the stack */
  PAGE_STACK_PUT(last);

  /* Finished. Now the local stack is empty. */
  local_page_stack = NULL;
  pages_kept_here = 0;

  ajlog(NULL, NULL, 0, AJT_FLUSH_LOCAL_END);

  /* Check the state of global page cache and maybe schedule its cleanup. */
  atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(&pages_kept_locally, check_count, memory_order_relaxed);
  if (atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&pages_kept, check_count, memory_order_relaxed) >= KEEP_PAGES_MAX)
    SCHEDULE_CLEANUP;
}

#ifdef HAVE_MMAP
static void
page_cleanup(void *_ UNUSED)
{
  /* Cleanup on shutdown is ignored. All pages may be kept hot, OS will take care. */
  if (shutting_down)
    return;

  /* Pages allocated inbetween */
  uint pk = atomic_load_explicit(&pages_kept, memory_order_relaxed);
  if (pk < KEEP_PAGES_MAX)
    return;

  /* Walk the pages */
  ajlog(NULL, NULL, 0, AJT_CLEANUP_BEGIN);
  uint count = 0;
  do {
    /* Get next hot page */
    struct free_page *fp = PAGE_STACK_GET;
    if (!fp) {
      PAGE_STACK_PUT(NULL);
      ajlog(NULL, NULL, 0, AJT_CLEANUP_END);
      return;
    }

    /* Reinstate the stack with the next page in list */
    PAGE_STACK_PUT(atomic_load_explicit(&fp->next, memory_order_relaxed));

    /* Cold pages are locked */
    LOCK_DOMAIN(resource, empty_pages_domain);

    /* Empty pages are stored as pointers. To store them, we need a pointer block. */
    if (!empty_pages || (empty_pages->pos == EP_POS_MAX))
    {
      /* There is either no pointer block or the last block is full. We use this block as a pointer block. */
      struct empty_pages *ep = (struct empty_pages *) fp;
      UNPROTECT_PAGE(ep);
      *ep = (struct empty_pages) {
	.next = empty_pages,
      };
      PROTECT_PAGE(ep);
      empty_pages = ep;
      ajlog(empty_pages, empty_pages->next, 0, AJT_CLEANUP_COLD_KEEPER);
      atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&pages_kept_cold_index, 1, memory_order_relaxed);
    }
    else
    {
      /* We store this block as a pointer into the first free place
       * and tell the OS that the underlying memory is trash. */
      UNPROTECT_PAGE(empty_pages);
      empty_pages->pages[empty_pages->pos++] = fp;
      PROTECT_PAGE(empty_pages);

      PROTECT_PAGE(fp);
      if (madvise(fp, page_size,
#ifdef CONFIG_MADV_DONTNEED_TO_FREE
	    MADV_DONTNEED
#else
	    MADV_FREE
#endif
	    ) < 0)
	bug("madvise(%p) failed: %m", fp);
      ajlog(fp, empty_pages, empty_pages->pos, AJT_CLEANUP_COLD_STD);
      atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&pages_kept_cold, 1, memory_order_relaxed);
    }
    UNLOCK_DOMAIN(resource, empty_pages_domain);
    count++;
  }
  while (atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(&pages_kept, 1, memory_order_relaxed) >= KEEP_PAGES_MAX / 2);

  ALLOC_TRACE("Moved %u pages to cold storage, now %u cold, %u index", count,
      atomic_load_explicit(&pages_kept_cold, memory_order_relaxed),
      atomic_load_explicit(&pages_kept_cold_index, memory_order_relaxed)
      );

  ajlog(NULL, NULL, 0, AJT_CLEANUP_END);
}
#endif

void
page_dump(struct dump_request *dreq)
{
#ifdef HAVE_MMAP
  RDUMP("Hot pages:\n");
  struct free_page *fptop = PAGE_STACK_GET;
  for (struct free_page *fp = fptop; fp; fp = atomic_load_explicit(&fp->next, memory_order_relaxed))
    RDUMP("  %p\n", fp);

  PAGE_STACK_PUT(fptop);

  RDUMP("Cold pages:\n");

  LOCK_DOMAIN(resource, empty_pages_domain);
  for (struct empty_pages *ep = empty_pages; ep; ep = ep->next)
  {
    RDUMP("  %p (index)\n", ep);
    for (uint i=0; i<ep->pos; i++)
      RDUMP("    %p\n", ep->pages[i]);
  }
  UNLOCK_DOMAIN(resource, empty_pages_domain);
  RDUMP("This request: %p\n", dreq);
#endif
}

void
resource_sys_init(void)
{
#ifdef HAVE_MALLOC_H
  if (!mallopt(M_ARENA_MAX, 1))
    log(L_WARN "Failed to disable multiple malloc arenas, memory consumption may skyrocket.");
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_DISABLE_THP
  /* Disable transparent huge pages, they do not work properly with madvice(MADV_DONTNEED) */
  if (prctl(PR_SET_THP_DISABLE,  (unsigned long) 1,  (unsigned long) 0,  (unsigned long) 0,  (unsigned long) 0) < 0)
    log(L_WARN "Cannot disable transparent huge pages: prctl(PR_SET_THP_DISABLE) failed: %m");
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_MMAP
  /* Check what page size the system supports */
  if (!(page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)))
    die("System page size must be non-zero");

  if ((u64_popcount(page_size) == 1) && (page_size >= (1 << 10)) && (page_size <= (1 << 18)))
  {
    /* We assume that page size has only one bit and is between 1K and 256K (incl.).
     * Otherwise, the assumptions in lib/slab.c (sl_head's num_full range) aren't met. */

    empty_pages_domain = DOMAIN_NEW(resource);
    DOMAIN_SETUP(resource, empty_pages_domain, "Empty Pages", NULL);
    initialized = 1;
    return;
  }

  /* Too big or strange page, use the aligned allocator instead */
  log(L_WARN "Got strange memory page size (%ld), using the aligned allocator instead", (s64) page_size);
  use_fake = 1;
#endif

  page_size = 4096;
  initialized = 1;
}